Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres-Modified Impedimetric Sensor Systems for Distinguished Determination of Glycosaminoglycan

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study determined isomeric molecules by employing molecular imprinting technology (MIP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In order to increase surface area to obtain more sensitive sensor technology, ex situ precipitation polymerization was carried out to produce microspheres. These microspheres were placed on pyrrole-modified carbon electrodes. Acrylamide, as monomer, was polymerized by cross-linker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and as template molecules; chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatane sulfate (DS) were used. Performances of the electrodes were determined as follows, CS and DS sensor, respectively; calibration curves were calculated between 50 to 500 ng/mL and 50 to 600 ng, R2 = 0.9942 ± 0.0029 and R2 = 0.9824 ± 0.0083, LOD and LOQ were 15.19 ng/mL, 46.03 ng/mL, and 32.56 ng/mL, 102.82 ng/mL, respectively. The characterization of polymers was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The applicability of the optimized sensor systems to real samples was examined in urine samples and the systems were tested by LC–MS/MS method. Sensors showed a good correlation with tandem mass spectrometry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The authors declare that all data can be shared and accessed by the permission of the journal publication rules. The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material.

References

  1. Rajabi, H. R., Roushani, M., & Shamsipur, M. (2013). Development of a highly selective voltammetric sensor for nanomolar detection of mercury ions using glassy carbon electrode modified with a novel ion imprinted polymeric nanobeads and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 693, 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.01.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Haupt, K., & Mosbach, K. (2000). Molecularly ımprinted polymers and their use in biomimetic sensors. Chemical Reviews, 100, 2495–2504. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr990099w

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ye, L., & Mosbach, K. (2001). Molecularly imprinted microspheres as antibody binding mimics. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 48, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00050-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Uygun, Z. O., Okutucu, B., Hacikara, Ş, & Saǧin, F. (2019). Development of molecularly imprinted Acrylamide- Acrylamido phenylboronic acid copolymer microbeads for selective glycosaminoglycan separation in children urine. Turkish J. Biochem., 44, 738–744. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. ErtuğruL, H. D., & Uygun, Z. O. (2013). Impedimetric biosensors for label-free and enzymless detection, state of the Art in Biosensors - General Aspects, Toonika Rinken, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/52169. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/41912

  6. Parmpi, P., & Kofinas, P. (2004). Biomimetic glucose recognition using molecularly imprinted polymer hydrogels. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Whitley, C. B., Ridnour, M. D., Draper, K. A., Dutton, C. M., & Neglia, J. P. (1989). Diagnostic test for mucopolysaccharidosis. I. Direct method for quantifying excessive urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion. Clinical Chemistry, 35(3), 374–379

  8. Terho, T. T., & Hartiala, K. (1971). Method for determination of the sulfate content of glycosaminoglycans. Analytical Biochemistry, 41, 471–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90167-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Berry, H. K. (1987). Screening for mucopolysaccharide disorders with the Berry spot test. Clinical bBiochemistry, 20, 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(87)80088-7

  10. Maccari, F., & Volpi, N. (2002). Glycosaminoglycan blotting on nitrocellulose membranes treated with cetylpyridinium chloride after agarose-gel electrophoretic separation. Electrophoresis, 23, 3270–3277. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2683(200210)23:19%3c3270::AID-ELPS3270%3e3.0.CO;2-I

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang, B., Solakyildirim, K., Chang, Y., & Linhardt, R. J. (2011). Hyphenated techniques for the analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399, 541–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4117-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Silvestro, L., Tarcomnicu, I., & Savu, S. R. (2008). HPLC-MS/MS of highly polar compounds. Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Applications and Principles. https://doi.org/10.5772/33129

  13. Uygun, Z. O., & Dilgin, Y. (2013). A novel impedimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole modified pencil graphite electrode for trace level determination of chlorpyrifos. Sensors Actuators, B Chem., 188, 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.075

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Atar, N., Yola, M. L., & Eren, T. (2016). Sensitive determination of citrinin based on molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor. Applied Surface Science, 362, 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Randles, J. E. B. (1947). Kinetics of rapid electrode reactions. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 1, 11. https://doi.org/10.1039/df9470100011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Oguma, T., Tomatsu, S., Montano, A. M., & Okazaki, O. (2007). Analytical method for the determination of disaccharides derived from keratan, heparan, and dermatan sulfates in human serum and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/turbo ionspray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Biochemistry, 368, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2007.05.016

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ye, L., Weiss, R., & Mosbach, K. (2000). Synthesis and characterization of molecularly ımprinted microspheres. Macromolecules, 33, 8239–8245. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma000825t

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Abdelkader, R., & Mohammed, B. (2016). Green synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide composite catalyzed by an ecologically catalyst clay called maghnite-H+ (Algerian MMT) under microwave irradiation. Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal., 11, 170–175. https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.543.170-175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Turco, A., Corvaglia, S., Mazzotta, E., Pompa, P. P., & Malitesta, C. (2018). Preparation and characterization of molecularly imprinted mussel inspired film as antifouling and selective layer for electrochemical detection of sulfamethoxazole. Sensors Actuators, B Chem., 255, 3374–3383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Uygun, Z. O., & Ertuğrul Uygun, H. D. (2014). A short footnote: Circuit design for faradaic impedimetric sensors and biosensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemistry, 202, 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.05.029

Download references

Acknowledgements

We authors thanks to Dokuz Eylül University Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dokuz Eylül University Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials, Tınaztepe, Buca, İzmir, Turkey

    Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun

  2. Faculty of Science and Art Chemistry Department Kurupelit, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey

    Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun & Nihat Tinkiliç

Authors
  1. Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nihat Tinkiliç
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun: conceptualization, methodology, software, writing—original draft preparation, revision, methodology. Nihat Tınkılıç: reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hilmiye Deniz Ertuğrul Uygun.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

This study was approved by Ege University Ethical Committee by the consent number of 20–2.1 T/36.

Consent to Participate

Authors consent to participate with no conflict of interest.

Consent for Publication

Authors consent to publish with no conflict of interest.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 452 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ertuğrul Uygun, H.D., Tinkiliç, N. Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres-Modified Impedimetric Sensor Systems for Distinguished Determination of Glycosaminoglycan. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 659–670 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03644-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03644-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation