Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Factors Affecting the Catalytic Efficiency and Synergism of Xylanase and Cellulase During Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Birch Wood

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Understanding factors that affect the catalytic efficiency and synergism of enzymes is helpful to enhance the process of bioconversion. In this study, birch wood (BW) was sequentially treated by delignification (DL), deacetylation (DA), and decrystallization (DC) treatments. The physiochemical structures of treated BW were characterized. Moreover, the influences of sequential treatments on the catalytic efficiency and synergism of xylanase and cellulase were studied. DL treatments efficiently improved the conversion of cellulose and xylan. A high degree of synergy (DS) between xylanase and cellulase was produced during hydrolysis of DL-treated BW. DA treatments enhanced xylan conversion but reduced the DS between xylanase and cellulase for xylan hydrolysis, whereas DC treatments enhanced cellulose conversion but reduced the DS between xylanase and cellulase for cellulose hydrolysis. The cellulose conversion of lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc)-treated BW (89.69%) was higher than the cellulose conversion of ball milling (BM)-treated BW (81.63%), whereas the xylan conversion of LiCl/DMAc-treated BW (83.77%) was lower than the xylan conversion of BM-treated BW (87.21%). This study showed that the catalytic efficiency and synergism of xylanase and cellulase are markedly affected by lignin hindrance, hemicellulose acetylation, and cellulose crystallization.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Lin, W., Xing, S., Jin, Y., Lu, X., Huang, C., & Yong, Q. (2020). Insight into understanding the performance of deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on improving enzymatic digestibility of bamboo residues. Bioresource Technology, 306, 123163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nguyen, T. Y., Cai, C. M., Kumar, R., & Wyman, C. E. (2017). Overcoming factors limiting high-solids fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(44), 11673–11678.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bajaj, P., & Mahajan, R. (2019). Cellulase and xylanase synergism in industrial biotechnology. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103(21-22), 8711–8724.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Malgas, S., Thoresen, M., van Dyk, J. S., & Pletschke, B. I. (2017). Time dependence of enzyme synergism during the degradation of model and natural lignocellulosic substrates. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 103, 1–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Huang, C., Lin, W., Lai, C., Li, X., Jin, Y., & Yong, Q. (2019). Coupling the post-extraction process to remove residual lignin and alter the recalcitrant structures for improving the enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated bamboo residues. Bioresource Technology, 285, 121355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao, X., Zhang, L., & Liu, D. (2012). Biomass recalcitrance. Part I: the chemical compositions and physical structures affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 6(4), 465–482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen, X., Shekiro, J., Franden, M. A., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Kuhn, E., Johnson, D. K., & Tucker, M. P. (2012). The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 5(1), 8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lin, W., Chen, D., Yong, Q., Huang, C., & Huang, S. (2019). Improving enzymatic hydrolysis of acid-pretreated bamboo residues using amphiphilic surfactant derived from dehydroabietic acid. Bioresource Technology, 293, 122055.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar, R., Hu, F., Hubbell, C. A., Ragauskas, A. J., & Wyman, C. E. (2013). Comparison of laboratory delignification methods, their selectivity, and impacts on physiochemical characteristics of cellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 130, 372–381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Busse-Wicher, M., Gomes, T. C., Tryfona, T., Nikolovski, N., Stott, K., Grantham, N. J., Bolam, D. N., Skaf, M. S., & Dupree, P. (2014). The pattern of xylan acetylation suggests xylan may interact with cellulose microfibrils as a twofold helical screw in the secondary plant cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal, 79(3), 492–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Castro, R. C.d. A., Fonseca, B. G., dos Santos, H. T. L., Ferreira, I. S., Mussatto, S. I., & Roberto, I. C. (2017). Alkaline deacetylation as a strategy to improve sugars recovery and ethanol production from rice straw hemicellulose and cellulose. Industrial Crops and Products, 106, 65–73.

  12. Chen, X., Xiong, L., Li, H., Zhang, L., Yuan, G., Chen, X., Wang, C., & Chen, X. (2020). The inhibitory effect of xylan on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is dependent on cellulose ultrastructure. Cellulose, 27(8), 4417–4428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chundawat, S. P. S., Bellesia, G., Uppugundla, N., da Costa Sousa, L., Gao, D., Cheh, A. M., Agarwal, U. P., Bianchetti, C. M., Phillips, G. N., Langan, P., Balan, V., Gnanakaran, S., & Dale, B. E. (2011). Restructuring the crystalline cellulose hydrogen bond network enhances its depolymerization rate. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133(29), 11163–11174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Penttila, P. A., Varnai, A., Pere, J., Tammelin, T., Salmen, L., Siika-aho, M., Viikari, L., & Serimaa, R. (2013). Xylan as limiting factor in enzymatic hydrolysis of nanocellulose. Bioresource Technology, 129, 135–141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, H., Chen, X., Xiong, L., Luo, M., Chen, X., Wang, C., Huang, C., & Chen, X. (2019). Stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis of alkaline oxidation treated sugarcane bagasse for the co-production of functional xylo-oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars. Bioresource Technology, 275, 345–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, H., Xiong, L., Chen, X., Wang, C., Qi, G., Huang, C., Luo, M., & Chen, X. (2017). Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by combined diluted acid with oxidate ammonolysis pretreatment. Bioresource Technology, 228, 257–263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Li, H., Xiong, L., Chen, X., Luo, M., Chen, X., Wang, C., Huang, C., & Chen, X. (2019). Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw via a combination of alkaline hydrogen peroxide and lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products, 137, 332–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hu, J., Arantes, V., Pribowo, A., & Saddler, J. N. (2013). The synergistic action of accessory enzymes enhances the catalytic potential of a “cellulase mixture” but is highly substrate specific. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6(1), 112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gonçalves, G. A. L., Takasugi, Y., Jia, L., Mori, Y., Noda, S., Tanaka, T., Ichinose, H., & Kamiya, N. (2015). Synergistic effect and application of xylanases as accessory enzymes to enhance the hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 72, 16–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar, R., & Wyman, C. E. (2009). Effect of xylanase supplementation of cellulase on digestion of corn stover solids prepared by leading pretreatment technologies. Bioresource Technology, 100(18), 4203–4213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jia, L., Gonçalves, G. A. L., Takasugi, Y., Mori, Y., Noda, S., Tanaka, T., Ichinose, H., & Kamiya, N. (2015). Effect of pretreatment methods on the synergism of cellulase and xylanase during the hydrolysis of bagasse. Bioresource Technology, 185, 158–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Song, H.-T., Gao, Y., Yang, Y.-M., Xiao, W.-J., Liu, S.-H., Xia, W.-C., Liu, Z.-L., Yi, L., & Jiang, Z.-B. (2016). Synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase during hydrolysis of natural lignocellulosic substrates. Bioresource Technology, 219, 710–715.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D., & Crocker, D. (2008). Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass. National Renewable Energy Lab.

  24. Shen, F., Xiong, X., Fu, J., Yang, J., Qiu, M., Qi, X., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2020). Recent advances in mechanochemical production of chemicals and carbon materials from sustainable biomass resources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 130, 109944.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Loow, Y.-L., Wu, T. Y., Yang, G. H., Ang, L. Y., New, E. K., Siow, L. F., Md. Jahim, J., Mohammad, A. W., & Teoh, W. H. (2018). Deep eutectic solvent and inorganic salt pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for improving xylose recovery. Bioresource Technology, 249, 818–825.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Poutanen, K., Rtt, M., Puls, J., & Viikari, L. (1987). Evaluation of different microbial xylanolytic systems. Journal of Biotechnology, 6(1), 49–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, J., Siika-aho, M., Tenkanen, M., & Viikari, L. (2011). The role of acetyl xylan esterase in the solubilization of xylan and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw and giant reed. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 4(1), 60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lin, Z., He, H., Zhang, H., Lin, Z., Yan, L., & Chen, J. (2010). Ball milling pretreatment of corn stover for enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 162(7), 1872–1880.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, C., Liu, R., Xiang, J., Kang, H., Liu, Z., & Huang, Y. (2014). Dissolution mechanism of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride: revisiting through molecular interactions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 118(31), 9507–9514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang, J., & Viikari, L. (2014). Impact of xylan on synergistic effects of xylanases and cellulases in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 174(4), 1393–1402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600475, 51876207), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515011843), and the Project of Jiangsu Province Science and Technology (BE2018342, BE2020394).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Energy Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People’s Republic of China

    Hailong Li, Xindong Chen, Can Wang, Xuefang Chen, Haijun Guo, Lian Xiong, Hairong Zhang & Xinde Chen

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou, 510640, People’s Republic of China

    Hailong Li, Can Wang, Xuefang Chen, Haijun Guo, Lian Xiong, Hairong Zhang & Xinde Chen

  3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, People’s Republic of China

    Hailong Li, Can Wang, Xuefang Chen, Haijun Guo, Lian Xiong, Hairong Zhang & Xinde Chen

  4. R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Energy and Environmental Materials, Xuyi, 211700, People’s Republic of China

    Hailong Li, Can Wang, Xuefang Chen, Haijun Guo, Lian Xiong, Hairong Zhang & Xinde Chen

  5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Xindong Chen

  6. School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People’s Republic of China

    Chao Huang

Authors
  1. Hailong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xindong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Can Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xuefang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Haijun Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lian Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hairong Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Chao Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Xinde Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, data curation, investigation, and writing—original draft preparation: Hailong Li. Investigation: Xindong Chen. Investigation: Can Wang. Investigation: Xuefang Chen. Investigation and writing—review and editing: Haijun Guo. Investigation and writing—review and editing: Lian Xiong. Writing—review and editing: Hairong Zhang. Writing—review and editing: Chao Huang. Supervision and writing—review and editing: Xinde Chen. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xinde Chen.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to Publish

All the authors accept that the copyright of the manuscript will be transferred to the journal upon acceptance for publication.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, H., Chen, X., Wang, C. et al. Factors Affecting the Catalytic Efficiency and Synergism of Xylanase and Cellulase During Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Birch Wood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 193, 3469–3482 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03590-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03590-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation