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Sterol Glycosyltransferases—The Enzymes That Modify Sterols

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Abstract

Sterols are important components of cell membranes, hormones, signalling molecules and defense-related biotic and abiotic chemicals. Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) are enzymes involved in sterol modifications and play an important role in metabolic plasticity during adaptive responses. The enzymes are classified as a subset of family 1 glycosyltransferases due to the presence of a signature motif in their primary sequence. These enzymes follow a compulsory order sequential mechanism forming a ternary complex. The diverse applications of sterol glycosides, like cytotoxic and apoptotic activity, anticancer activity, medicinal values, anti-stress roles and anti-insect and antibacterial properties, draws attention towards their synthesis mechanisms. Many secondary metabolites are derived from sterol pathways, which are important in defense mechanisms against pathogens. SGTs in plants are involved in changed sensitivity to stress hormones and their agrochemical analogs and changed tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. SGTs that glycosylate steroidal hormones, such as brassinosteroids, function as growth and development regulators in plants. In terms of metabolic roles, it can be said that SGTs occupy important position in plant metabolism and may offer future tools for crop improvement.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, Government of India, for providing the financial support under NMITLI scheme and Network Project (NWP-08) and also to the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, Government of India, for financial help through the project no. GAP 231225, for functional analysis of SGT genes of Withania somnifera.

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  1. Pankaj Chaturvedi

    Present address: Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

  2. Rakesh Tuli

    Present address: Department of Biotechnology, National Agrifood Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 160071, Punjab, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Chaturvedi, Pratibha Misra & Rakesh Tuli

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  1. Pankaj Chaturvedi
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  2. Pratibha Misra
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Correspondence to Pratibha Misra.

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Chaturvedi, P., Misra, P. & Tuli, R. Sterol Glycosyltransferases—The Enzymes That Modify Sterols. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165, 47–68 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9232-0

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