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Mortality of potato leafhopper adults on synthetic diets containing seven glycoalkaloids synthesized in the foliage of variousSolanum species

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Abstract

The glycoalkaloids solanine, chaconine, leptine I, leptine II, solasonine, solamargine, and tomatine, synthesized in the foliage of variousSolanum species, were tested in synthetic diets for their effects on potato leafhopper adults,Empoasca fabae (Harris), at concentrations of 0.03%, 0.09%, and 0.27%. Percent mortality was recorded after a 72 hr feeding period.

At the lowest concentration (0.03%), tomatine in the diet resulted in the highest adult mortality (95%) with mortalities ranging from 10% to 41% in the other glycoalkaloid diets. At the highest concentration (0.27%) mortalities ranged from 69% to 100% with no significant (P>.05) differences among the diets.

Mortality varied the most among the glycoalkaloid diets at the 0.09% concentration. Chaconine, ubiquitously found with solanine inSolanum tuberosum L., caused significantly (P≤.05) higher mortality (59%) than did solanine (8%). Mortalities with solasonine and solamargine in the diets (55% and 54%, respectively) were not significantly (P>.05) different from the mortality with chaconine in the diet. Including leptines I and II in diets resulted in lower mortalities (28% and 30%, respectively). Mortality was significantly (P≤.05) the highest (97%) with tomatine in the diet.

Compendio

Los glicoalcaloides solanina, chaconina, leptina I, leptina II, solasonina, solamargina y tomatina, que son sintetizados en el follaje de varias especies deSolanum, fueron probados en dietas sintéticas para medir sus efectos en los saltahojas adultos de la papa,Empoasca fabae Harris, en concentraciones de 0.03%, 0.09% y 0.27%. El porcentaje de mortalidad fue registrado luego de un período de alimentación de 72 horas.

La tomatina de la dieta a la concentración más baja (0.03%) produjo el porcentaje de mortalidad más alto de adultos (95%), mientras que la mortalidad producida por las dietas de otros glicoalcaloides varió entre 10% y 41%. A la concentración más alta (0.27%) el rango de mortalidad fluctuó entre 69% y 100%, sin diferencias significativas (P>05) entre las dietas.

Hubo mayor variation en el porcentaje de mortalidad cuando se usaron dietas con glicoalcaloides en una concentración de 0.09%. La chaconina, que se encuentra siempre junto con la solanina enSolanum tuberosum L., causó una mortalidad (59%) significativamente mayor (P>.05) que la de la solanina (8%). La mortalidad ocasionada por las dietas con solasonina y solamargina (55% y 54%, respectivamente) no mostró diferencias significativas (P>.05) en comparación con la mortalidad ocasionada por la chaconina. La inclusion de las leptinas I y II en las dietas dio como resultado menores porcentajes de mortalidad (28% y 30%, respectivamente). Este porcentaje fue significativamente mayor (P<.05) en la dieta con tomatina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Institute, Vegetable Laboratory, 20705, Beltsville, MD

    L. L. Sanford (Research Geneticist), W. W. Cantelo (Research Entomologist), R. S. Kobayashi (Research Associate) & S. L. Sinden (Research Physiologist)

  2. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD

    J. M. Domek (Research Assistant)

Authors
  1. L. L. Sanford
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  2. J. M. Domek
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  3. W. W. Cantelo
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  4. R. S. Kobayashi
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  5. S. L. Sinden
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Sanford, L.L., Domek, J.M., Cantelo, W.W. et al. Mortality of potato leafhopper adults on synthetic diets containing seven glycoalkaloids synthesized in the foliage of variousSolanum species. American Potato Journal 73, 79–88 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854762

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