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Ultrasound-Assisted Acidic Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent as a New Strategy for Extracting Seabuckthorn Leaf Phenolics: Process Optimization, Compositional Identification, and Metabolic Enzyme Inhibition Capacity

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Abstract

An efficient acidic natural deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride-acetic acid, Chcl-AA) was screened out and subsequently combined with ultrasound treatment to recover seabuckthorn leaf phenolics (SLP), and the Plackett–Burman and Box-Behnken designs were used to optimize the process parameters. The optimal parameters were water content of NADES 30%, solvent to solid ratio 32 mL/g, extraction time 14 min, extraction temperature 40°C, ultrasonic power 400 W, and ultrasonic duty cycle 75%. The values of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) under these conditions were 99.65 ± 2.49 milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW) and 52.02 ± 1.21 milligram rutin equivalent per gram of dry weight (mg RE/g DW), respectively. Twenty-five phenolics were initially identified from SLP by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), among which hydrolyzable tannins, isorhamnetin derivatives, and quercetin derivatives are the main constituents. The SLP extract was further evaluated as to its ability to inhibit metabolic enzymes, i.e., α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, xanthine oxidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. SLP exhibited significant inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.31 μg/mL), pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 57.62 μg/mL), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50 = 63.13 μg/mL). Additionally, the compounds extracted using Chcl-AA exhibited superior bioactivity when compared to those using conventional green solvents, i.e., ethanol and water. These results provide a valuable technical buttress for the efficient extraction of SLP and their further application and research in functional foods.

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Data Availability

The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program (Project No. 2022B02005-4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Yuqian Wang, Qi Shan, Yeping Jia & Liang Shan

  2. Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Seabuckthorn Fine & Deep Processing, Xinjiang Zhongke Seabuckthorn Technologies Co., Ltd, 68 Jialangqi Road, Aheqi, 843500, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China

    Tonghua Wu & Jun Zhang

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  1. Yuqian Wang
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Yuqian Wang conducted the experiments and wrote the first draft. Qi Shan and Yeping Jia assisted in experimentation and revised the manuscript. Tonghua Wu and Jun Zhang revised and polished the manuscript text. Liang Shan guided and supervised the research, and revised thoroughly the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Liang Shan.

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Wang, Y., Shan, Q., Jia, Y. et al. Ultrasound-Assisted Acidic Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent as a New Strategy for Extracting Seabuckthorn Leaf Phenolics: Process Optimization, Compositional Identification, and Metabolic Enzyme Inhibition Capacity. Food Bioprocess Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-024-03327-x

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