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MicroRNAs in Type 1 Diabetes: Complex Interregulation of the Immune System, β Cell Function and Viral Infections

  • Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes (A Pugliese, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Since the discovery of the first mammalian microRNA (miRNA) more than two decades ago, a plethora of miRNAs has been identified in humans, now amounting to more than 2500. Essential for post-transcriptional regulation of gene networks integral for developmental pathways and immune response, it is not surprising that dysregulation of miRNAs is often associated with the aetiology of complex diseases including cancer, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. Despite massive expansion of small RNA studies and extensive investigation in diverse disease contexts, the role of miRNAs in type 1 diabetes has only recently been explored. Key studies using human islets have recently implicated virus-induced miRNA dysregulation as a pivotal mechanism of β cell destruction, while the interplay between miRNAs, the immune system and β cell survival has been illustrated in studies using animal and cellular models of disease. The role of specific miRNAs as major players in immune system homeostasis highlights their exciting potential as therapeutics and prognostic biomarkers of type 1 diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

The studies were supported by the following JDRF grants: 2-SRA-2015-122-Q-R, 17-2012-678, 5-2006-918, 1-2006-688, 5-2006-386, 5-2006-403 (Mi QS), NIH grants 1R01AI123258 (Mi QS) and XO1DK097691 (MI QS and Zhou L), as well as the Henry Ford Immunology Program grants (T71016, Mi QS; T71017, Zhou L).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Sonia R. Isaacs, Ki Wook Kim & Maria E. Craig

  2. UNSW and POWH Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia

    Sonia R. Isaacs, Ki Wook Kim & Maria E. Craig

  3. Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA

    Jie Wang, Congcong Yin, Li Zhou & Qing Sheng Mi

  4. Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA

    Jie Wang, Congcong Yin, Li Zhou & Qing Sheng Mi

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA

    Li Zhou & Qing Sheng Mi

  6. Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia

    Maria E. Craig

  7. Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Maria E. Craig

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  1. Sonia R. Isaacs
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  4. Congcong Yin
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  5. Li Zhou
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  6. Qing Sheng Mi
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  7. Maria E. Craig
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Correspondence to Maria E. Craig.

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Sonia R. Isaacs, Jie Wang, Ki Wook Kim, Congcong Yin, Li Zhou, Qing Sheng Mi and Maria E. Craig declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Sonia R. Isaacs and Jie Wang are equal first authors.

Qing Sheng Mi and Maria E. Craig are equal senior authors.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes

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Isaacs, S.R., Wang, J., Kim, K.W. et al. MicroRNAs in Type 1 Diabetes: Complex Interregulation of the Immune System, β Cell Function and Viral Infections. Curr Diab Rep 16, 133 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0819-2

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