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Distribution Behaviors of As, Sb, Bi, Sn, Se, Te, Au and Ag Between Cu and Liquid Metal Phases in the Cu-Pb Binary System at 500–1080°C

  • High-temperature Phases and Processes for Enabling Cleaner Production of Metals and Energy
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Abstract

The present study focused on the Cu-Pb system and investigating the distribution behaviors of various minor elements through the equilibration-quenching-EPMA analysis experimental technique. Obtained results showed that: (1) An intermetallic compound consisting mainly of Cu-Pb-Se-Te formed below 956°C. (2) As, Sb and Sn had similar distribution behaviors, which mainly entered the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, but became concentrated in the liquid alloy phase at temperature range of 900–1060°C, and their distribution ratios increased along with increasing temperature. (3) Bi was mainly found in the liquid alloy phase, and its distribution ratio ranged from 6.8 to 836.5 at the experimental conditions. (4) Se and Te formed an intermetallic alloy phase under 900°C, and they enriched in the liquid alloy phase between 960°C and 1060°C. (5) Au was mainly found in the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, and its distribution ratio was about 1.5 at 900–1060°C. The distribution ratio of Ag decreased from 8.7 to 2.3 when increasing the temperature from 500°C to 1060°C. Distribution behavior of As, Sb, Bi and Sn is consistent with their interfacial enthalpies with Cu and Pb.

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Acknowledgements

The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Young Scientist Fund (No. 52004341) and the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province (No. 21ZD4GD033). The financial support from the “111” project (Green and Value-Added Metallurgy of Non-ferrous Resources) and Central South University Starting-up fund (Faculty No. 217030) is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Refractory Material Metallurgy and Slag Chemistry Research Group, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Yang Ge, Zhihong Liu, Zhiqian Yu, Huanwen Wang & Longgong Xia

  2. National Engineering Research Center for Low Carbon Nonferrous Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Zhihong Liu & Longgong Xia

  3. Northwest Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Baiyin, 730999, People’s Republic of China

    Xingwu Lu

  4. CINF Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha, 410001, People’s Republic of China

    Leru Zhang

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  1. Yang Ge
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Ge, Y., Liu, Z., Yu, Z. et al. Distribution Behaviors of As, Sb, Bi, Sn, Se, Te, Au and Ag Between Cu and Liquid Metal Phases in the Cu-Pb Binary System at 500–1080°C. JOM 75, 1515–1529 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05633-1

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