Abstract
In situ mechanical property testing has the ability to enhance quantitative characterization of materials by revealing the occurring deformation behavior in real time. This article will summarize select recent testing performed inside a scanning electron microscope on various materials including metals, ceramics, composites, coatings, and 3-Dimensional graphene foam. Tensile and indentation testing methods are outlined with case studies and preliminary data. The benefits of performing a novel double-torsion testing technique in situ are also proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Podor, J. Ravaux, and H.P. Brau, InTech, 2012, http://www.intechopen.com/books/scanning-electron-microscopy/insitu-experiments-in-the-scanning-electron-microscope-chamber. Accessed 2 Apr 2015.
M. Legros, D.S. Gianola, and C. Motz, MRS Bull. 35, 354 (2010).
M.A. Haque and M.T.A. Saif, Exp. Mech. 42, 123 (2002).
S.W. Butler, J. Stefani, and I.E.E.E. Trans, Semicond. Manuf. 7, 193 (1994).
A. Kammers and S. Daly, Exp. Mech. 53, 1743 (2013).
J. Kang, M. Jain, D.S. Wilkinson, and J.D. Embury, J. Strain Anal. 40, 559 (2005).
ASTM Standard E2309, Standard Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines (West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2011).
A. Nieto, B. Boesl, and A. Agarwal, Carbon 85, 299 (2015).
B. Boesl, D. Lahiri, S. Behdad, and A. Agarwal, Carbon 69, 79 (2014).
O. Lourie, D.M. Cox, and H.D. Wagner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1638 (1998).
H.D. Wagner, O. Lourie, Y. Feldman, and R. Tenne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 188 (1998).
T. Filleter, R. Bernal, S. Li, and H.D. Espinosa, Adv. Mater. 23, 2855 (2011).
D. Qian, E.C. Dickey, R. Andrews, and T. Rantell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2868 (2000).
F. Deng, T. Ogasawara, and N. Takeda, Compos. Sci. Technol. 67, 2959 (2007).
B.P. Boesl, G.R. Bourne, and B.V. Sankar, Compos. B 42, 1157 (2011).
Z. Xia, L. Riester, W. Curtin, H. Li, B. Sheldon, J. Liang, B. Chang, and J.M. Xu, Acta Mater. 52, 931 (2004).
G. Yamamoto, K. Shirasu, T. Hashida, T. Takagi, J.W. Suk, J. An, R.D. Piner, and R.S. Ruoff, Carbon 49, 3709 (2011).
S.B. Pitchuka, B. Boesl, C. Zhang, D. Lahiri, A. Nieto, G. Sundararajan, and A. Agarwal, Surf. Coat. Technol. 238, 118 (2014).
Hysitron, http://www.hysitron.com/Default.aspx?tabid=109. Accessed 12 Apr 2015.
Nanomechanics Inc., http://www.nanomechanicsinc.com/index.php/Products/insem-mechanical-properties-microprobe.html. Accessed 12 Apr 2015.
D.P. Williams and A.G. Evans, ASTM J. Test. Eval. 1, 264 (1973).
B.J. Pletka, E.R. Fuller Jr, and B.G. Koepke, ASTM STP 678, 19 (1979).
M.E. Ebrahimi, J. Chevalier, and G. Fantozzi, J. Mater. Res. 15, 142 (2000).
A. Shyam and E. Lara-Curzio, J. Mater. Sci. 41, 4093 (2006).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Ali Sayir, Program Manager of Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0263). In addition B.B. would like to acknowledge the support of Dr. William Nickerson, Program Manager of Sea-Based Aviation Structures and Materials at the Office of Naval Research (FA8650-13-C-5800). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Advanced Materials Engineering Research Institute (AMERI) at FIU.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rudolf, C., Boesl, B. & Agarwal, A. In Situ Mechanical Testing Techniques for Real-Time Materials Deformation Characterization. JOM 68, 136–142 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1629-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1629-8