Abstract
A coal seam is thin compared to the wavelength of seismic waves and usually shows strong anisotropy. It may form special geological formations, such as goafs and collapses, in coal mines. The existence of these formations may lead to instability in numerical simulations of the goaf area in a coal seam. The calculation speed of simulations is always a factor that restricts the development of simulation techniques. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of seismic numerical simulations of goaf areas, an improved vacuum method has been incorporated into a rotated staggered grid scheme and calculations implemented by combining parallel computing and task parallelism. This ensures that the proposed numerical simulation method can be utilized in a geological model with large differences in elastic parameters among layers and improve the performance of a parallel application by enabling the full use of processor resources to expedite the calculations. We set up anisotropic coal seam models and then analyze numerically the characteristics of synthetic seismograms and snapshots of different goaf areas with or without collapse. The results show that the proposed method can accurately simulate the goaf area and the calculation method can run with a high speed and parallel efficiency. The research will further advance the technology of anisotropic seismic exploration in coal fields, provide data for seismic inversion and build a theoretical support for coal mine disaster prediction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appelo, D., and Petersson, N. A., 2009, A stable finite difference method for the elastic wave equation on complex geometries with free surfaces: Commun. Comput. Phys., 5, 84–107.
Buchanan, D. J., Jackson, P. J., Taylor, P. M., et al., 1981, The use of channel wave seismology to find faults in coal seams: Proceedings of the 50th SEG Meeting, Houston, 2985–3018.
Chu, C. L., Stoffa, P. L., and Seif, R., 2009, High-order rotated staggered finite difference modeling of 3D elastic wave propagation in general anisotropic media: 2009 SEG Annual Meeting: Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Chen, T. J., Cui, R. F., and Liu, E. R., 2009, AVO forward modeling for VTI coal: Journal of China Coal Society, 34, 438–443.
Dong, S. H., Ma, Y. L., and Zhou, M., 2004, Forward modeling of relationship between coal seam thickness and seismic attributes of amplitude and frequency: Journal of China University of Mining &Technology, 33, 29–33.
Lan, H. Q., and Zhang, Z. J., 2012, Research on seismic survey design for doubly complex areas: Applied Geophysics, 9(3), 301–312.
Li, D. H., Dong, S. H., and Li, X. C., et al., 2010, Seismic wave simulation of anisotropy in coal bed media: Geophysical & Geochemical exploration, 34, 604–609.
Liu, Y., 2014, Optimal staggered-grid finite-difference schemes based on least-squares for wave equation modeling: Geophysical Journal International, 197(2), 1033–1047.
Liu, Y., and Wei, X. C., 2008, Finite-difference numerical modeling with even-order accuracy in two-phase anisotropic media: Applied Geophysics, 5(2), 107–114.
Liu, Y., and Sen, M. K., 2011, Scalar wave equation modeling with time-space domain dispersion-relation-based staggered-grid finite difference schemes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(1), 141–159.
Moczo, P., Kristek, J., and Halada, L., 2000, 3D fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference schemes: Stability and grid dispersion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(3), 587–603.
Qian, J., Cui, R. F., and Chen, T. J., 2010, Anisotropic numerical simulation of coal-bearing strata with finite-difference: Coal geology & exploration, 38, 63–67.
Saenger, E. H., Gold, N., and Shapiro, S. A., 2000, Modeling the propagation of elastic wave using a modified finite-difference grid: Wave notion, 31, 77–92.
Wang, W. Z., Hu, T. Y., Lu X. M., et al., 2015, Variable-order rotated staggered-grid method for elastic-wave forward modeling: Applied Geophysics, 12(3), 389–400.
Yan, H. Y., and Liu, Y., 2012, Rotated staggered grid high-order finite-difference numerical modeling for wave propagation in viscoelastic TTI media: Chines J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 55, 1354–1365.
Yang, D. Y., Peng, S. P., Wang, Y., et al., 2007, Seismic record simulation for coal-seam containing fractures: Coal geology & exploration, 35, 61–66.
Yan, J., and Sava, P., 2009, Elastic wave-mode separation for VTI media: Geophysics, 74(5), WB19–WB32.
Yang, S. T., Wei J. C., Cheng J. L., et al., 2016, Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models: Applied Geophysics, 13(4), 621–630.
Yang, Q. J., Liu, C., Geng, M. X., et al., 2014, Staggered grid finite difference scheme and coefficients deduction of any number of derivatives: Journal of Jilin University, Earth science edition, 44, 375–385.
Ye, H. X., 2014, The interpretation of the gob based on the analysis of seismic attribute in Hongliulin coal mine: Coal geology and exploration, 42, 87–91.
Zeng, C., Xia, J., Miller, R. D., et al., 2012, An improved vacuum formulation for 2D finite-difference modeling of Rayleigh waves including surface topography and internal discontinuities: Geophysics, 77(1), T1–T9.
Zhang, Q., and McMechan, G. A., 2010, 2D and 3D elastic wavefield vector decomposition in the wavenumber domain for VTI media: Geophysics, 75(3), D13–D26.
Zhang, S., He, B. S., and Wang, Y. F., 2012, Straggeredgrid FCT finite difference numerical simulation in VTI media: Chinese journal of engineering geophysics, 9, 59–65.
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the reviewers for their valuable suggestions and, at the same time, we express our sincere thanks to the Chief Editor of Applied Geophysics, Fan Wei-cui for her dedication and rigorous scientific approach.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41304105 and 41674135) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi province (No. 2016JM4010).
Li Qin, Ph.D., associate professor. In 2011, she graduated from the earth exploration and information technology major of Chang’an university, and now works in the school of geology and environment of Xi’an university of science and technology. It is mainly engaged in the research of seismic anisotropy.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Q., Ma, SB., Zhao, B. et al. An improved rotated staggered grid finite difference scheme in coal seam. Appl. Geophys. 17, 890–898 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-018-0717-2
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-018-0717-2