Abstract
Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling twodimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional (3-D) full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity–stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity Vx, Vy, and Vz for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of Vy, and Vz of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank reviewers Prof. Cheng Jian-Yuan, Dr. Li Xin-Fu, and Prof. Chang Xu for their constructive comments. We acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Zhou Wan-Fang in checking and revising this paper. We also pay tribute to Chief Editor Fan Wei-cui of Applied Geophysics in admiration of her rigorous scientific spirit.
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41204077, 41372290, 41572244, 51034003, 51174210, and 51304126), natural science foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2011EEZ002 and ZR2013EEQ019), and State Key Research Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0600708-3).
Yang Si-Tong Ph.D. Lecturer. College of Earth Sciences & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology SDUST. His main research interests are 3-D numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation and 3-D seismic detection in coal roadways. Email: yst_2@sina.com
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Yang, ST., Wei, JC., Cheng, JL. et al. Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models. Appl. Geophys. 13, 621–630 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-016-0582-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-016-0582-9