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An Archaeological Perspective of Alcoholic Beverages in the Song Dynasty (960–1279)

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Abstract

China’s Song Dynasty (960–1279 ad) was a prosperous period of economic development and cultural exchange. The economic and cultural prosperity also promoted the development of the brewing industry, and alcohol consumption became a fad. Based on the archeological materials related to the alcohol culture of the Song Dynasty (including image materials, such as tomb murals, temple murals, grotto statues and surviving paintings, and excavated drinking vessels), the type, texture, and decorative pattern of drinking vessels have characteristics that are unique for the time, and the purpose and methods of alcohol consumption and brewing in the Song Dynasty are unprecedentedly diverse. Alcohol trade, drinking customs, and the banquet culture at that time reflect the influence of the alcohol culture and its penetration into every household, further manifesting as cultural integration with other ethnic groups (the Khitan and Jurchen). By exploring a distant ancient society through alcohol from an archeological perspective, this paper focuses on the utensils, patterns, functions, customs, and accompanying cultural exchange phenomena associated with alcoholic beverages in the Song Dynasty in China.

Résume

« La Dynastie Song en Chine (960-1279 après J.-C.) a été une période prospère de développement économique et d'échanges culturels. La prospérité économique et culturelle a également favorisé la croissance de l'industrie du brassage et la consommation d'alcool devint une mode. Au regard des vestiges archéologiques relatifs à la culture de l'alcool propre à la Dynastie Song (notamment les représentations graphiques telles que les fresques funéraires, les peintures murales de temples, les statues de grotte et les peintures demeurées intactes, ainsi que les récipients découverts lors de fouilles), le type, la texture et le motif décoratif des récipients présentent des caractéristiques uniques pour l'époque et la finalité comme les méthodes de la consommation d'alcool et du brassage durant la Dynastie Song sont d'une diversité sans précédent. Le commerce de l'alcool, les habitudes de consommation de boissons et la culture du banquet de cette époque reflètent l'influence de la culture de l'alcool et sa pénétration au sein de chaque foyer, se manifestant plus encore comme une intégration culturelle avec d'autres groupes ethniques (les Khitan et les Jürchen). Par l'étude d'une société ancienne lointaine à travers l'alcool d'un point de vue archéologique, cet article s'intéresse aux ustensiles, aux modèles, aux fonctions, aux coutumes et aux phénomènes d'échanges culturels en rapport associés aux boissons alcoolisées durant la Dynastie Song en Chine ».

Resumen

“La dinastía Song de China (960-1279 dC) fue un período próspero de desarrollo económico e intercambio cultural. La prosperidad económica y cultural también impulsó el desarrollo de la industria cervecera, y el consumo de alcohol se convirtió en una moda pasajera. Sobre la base de materiales arqueológicos relacionados con la cultura del alcohol de la dinastía Song (incluidos los materiales de imágenes, como murales de tumbas, murales de templos, estatuas de grutas y pinturas supervivientes, y vasijas para beber excavadas), el tipo, la textura y el patrón decorativo de las vasijas para beber tienen características que son únicas para la época, y el propósito y los métodos de consumo y elaboración de alcohol en la dinastía Song tienen una diversidad sin precedentes. El comercio de alcohol, las costumbres de beber y la cultura de los banquetes en ese momento reflejan la influencia de la cultura del alcohol y su penetración en todos los hogares, manifestándose además como una integración cultural con otros grupos étnicos (los khitan y jurchen). Al explorar una sociedad antigua distante a través del alcohol desde una perspectiva arqueológica, este documento se centra en los utensilios, patrones, funciones, costumbres y fenómenos de intercambio cultural asociados con las bebidas alcohólicas en la dinastía Song en China”.

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Funding

This study was supported by The National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 20CMZ027).

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Correspondence to Siyi Wang.

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Wang, S. An Archaeological Perspective of Alcoholic Beverages in the Song Dynasty (960–1279). Arch 18, 436–467 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-022-09452-3

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