Abstract
A list of ant species collected in caves at different localities of Minas Gerais state, Brazil is presented, based on specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection Padre Jesus Santiago Moure (DZUP). Of the 51 species/morphospecies found, two are new records for the state. We encourage an increase in ant collection efforts in Brazilian caves using different sampling techniques and comparative approaches in order to improve the current knowledge of ant diversity in these environments.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the Supplementary Information, and includes: (i) Table S1. List of ants from karst areas recorded in this study, (ii) Table S2. Material examined in this study, with vouchers deposited at the Entomological Collection Padre Jesus Santiago Moure (DZUP), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Available in https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01692-8
References
Adobe Systems (2014) Adobe photoshop CC 2014 [Computer software]. https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html. Accessed 12 Mar 2024
Adobe Systems (2020) Adobe illustrator (Version 20.0) [Computer software]. https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html. Accessed 12 Mar 2024
Andrade T, Marques GDV, Del-Claro K (2007) Diversity of ground dwelling ants in Cerrado: an analysis of temporal variations and distinctive physiognomies of vegetation (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiol 50(1):121–134
Asenjo A, Zampaulo RDA, Ferreira RL (2018) Two new troglobitic species of Oxarthrius Reitter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4462(3):404–414. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.6
Auler A, Farrant AR (1996) A brief introduction to karst and caves in Brazil. UBSS 20(3):187–200
Auler AS, Parker CW, Barton HA, Soares GA (2019) Iron formation caves: genesis and ecology. In: White WB, Culver DC, Pipan T (eds) Encyclopedia of Caves, 3rd edn. Academic Press, Cambridge, p 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814124-3.00067-4
Barr TC Jr (1968) Cave ecology and the evolution of troglobites. Evol Biol 2:35–102
Bichuette ME, Rantin B, Hingst-Zaher E, Trajano E (2015) Geometric morphometrics throws light on evolution of the subterranean catfish Rhamdiopsis krugi (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in eastern Brazil. Biol J Linn Soc 114:136–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12405
Boyles JG, Cryan PM, McCracken GF, Kunz TH (2011) Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science 332(6025):41–42. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201366
Brazil (2008) Decree nº 6.640, of November 07, 2008 Dá nova redação aos arts. 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º e acrescenta os arts. 5-A e 5-B ao Decreto nº 99.556, de 1º de outubro de 1990, que dispõe sobre a proteção das cavidades naturais subterrâneas existentes no território nacional. Diário Oficial da União. Poder Executivo, Brasília, DF, 10 nov. 2008. Seção 1, pp 8–9. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2008/decreto/d6640.htm. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Brescovit AD, Ferreira RL, Silva MS, Rheims C (2012) Brasilomma gen. nov., a new prodidomid genus from Brazil (Araneae, Prodidomidae). Zootaxa 3572:23–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3572.1.4
CANIE (2021) Brazilian Natural Underground Cavities (shapefile). Cadastro Nacional de Informações Espeleológicas (CANIE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas – CECAV. https://www.gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/assuntos/centros-de-pesquisa/cecav/cadastro-nacional-de-informacoes-espeleologicas/canie. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Castro-Souza RA, Pellegrini TG, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL (2019) Drivers of ant composition, richness, and trophic guilds in Neotropical iron ore cavities. Int J Speleol 48(3):279–293. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.48.3.2270
Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, Bjerg PL, Jensen DL, Christensen JB, Baun A, Albrechtsen HJ, Heron C (2001) Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Appl Geochem 16:659–718
Christiansen K (1962) Proposition pour la classification des animaux cavernicoles. Spelunca 2:76–78
Costa FV, Mello R, Lana TC, de Siqueira NF (2015) Ant fauna in megadiverse mountains: a checklist for the rocky grasslands. Sociobiol 62(2):228–245
Culver DC, Pipan T (2019) The biology of caves and other subterranean habitats, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
de Brito TSA, Campos RF, Vasconcelos FCW (2014) Geoturismo na APA Carste Lagoa Santa/MG: breve reflexao sobre aidentidade do espaço. Available in: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20153150342. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
de Fraga R, Tavares V, Simões MH et al (2023) Caves as wildlife refuges in degraded landscapes in the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Rep -UK 13(1):6055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32815-x
da Silva FJ (2006) Invertebrados de cavernas do Distrito Federal: diversidade, distribuição temporal e espacial. Dissertation, Universidade de Brasılia, Brasılia, Brazil)
da Rocha R (1994) Sinopse da fauna cavernícola do Brasil (1907–1994). Pap Avulsos Zool 39:61–173
Dáttilo W (2012) Influence of cave size and presence of bat guano on ant visitation. Sociobiol 59(2):549–559. https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v59i2.617
Dáttilo WF, Vicente RE, Nunes RV, Carvalho MS (2010) Primeiro registro da quenquém cisco-da-Amazônia Acromyrmex hystrix Latreille, 1802 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. EntomoBrasilis 3(3):92–93. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v3i3.109
Dejean A, Groc S, Hérault B et al (2015) Bat aggregation mediates the functional structure of ant assemblages. C R Biol 338(10):688–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2015.06.011
Dessen EM, Eston VR, Silva MS, Temperini-Beck MT, Trajano E (1980) Levantamento preliminar da fauna de cavernas de algumas regiões do Brasil. Ciência e Cultura 32(6):714–725
Feitosa RM, Camacho GP, Silva TS et al (2022) Ants of Brazil: an overview based on 50 years of diversity studies. Syst Biodivers 20(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2089268
Ferreira RL, Cardoso RC, Souza-Silva M (2016) Composição, riqueza e diversidade de invertebrados em cavernas de Dianópolis (TO). Rbesp 2(7):01–18
Ferreira RL, Horta LCS (2001) Natural and human impacts on invertebrate communities in Brazilian caves. Rev Bras Biol 61:7–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082001000100003
Ferreira RL, Martins RP (1999) Trophic structure and natural history of bat guano invertebrate communities, with special reference to Brazilian caves. Trop Zool 12(2):231–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1999.10539391
Ferreira RL, Prous X, de Oliveira Bernardi LF, Souza-Silva M (2010) Fauna subterrânea do estado do Rio Grande do Norte: caracterização e impactos. Rbesp 1(1):25–51
Forel A (1892) Attini und Cryptocerini. Zwei neue Apterostigma -Arten. Mitteilungen Der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8:344–349
Forel A (1895) Nouvelles fourmis de diverses provenances, surtout d’Australie. Ann Soc Roy Zool Bel 39:41–49
Gnaspini P (1996) Population ecology of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from south-eastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). J Zool 239:417–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05933.x
Gonçalves CR (1961) O gênero Acromyrmex no Brasil (Hym. Formicidae). Stud Entomol 4:113–180
Holten B, Sterll M (2011) Peter Wilhelm Lund e as grutas com ossosem Lagoa Santa. Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte
Holsinger JR, Culver DC (1988) The invertebrate cave fauna of Virginia and a part of Eastern Tennessee: Zoogeography and ecology. Brimleyana 14:1–162
Howarth FG (2023) Why the delay in recognizing terrestrial obligate cave species in the tropics? Int J Speleol 52(1):23–43. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.52.1.2446
ICMBio/CECAV (2023) Relatório anual 2022. Available in: https://www.gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/assuntos/centros-depesquisa/cecav/publicacoes/relatorio-anual-2022_site.pdf. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Jansen DC, Cavalcanti LF, Lamblém HS (2012) Mapa de potencialidade de ocorrência de cavernas no Brasil, na escala 1: 2.500. 000. Revista Brasileira de Espeleologia 2(1):42–57
Kass JM, Guénard B, Dudley KL et al (2022) The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity. Sci Adv 8(31). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abp9908
Kempf WW (1961) Labidus coecus as a cave ant. Studia Ent 4:551–552
Kohler HC (1989) Geomorfologia cárstica da região de Lagoa Santa, MG.Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo
Longino JT (2003) The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151(1):1–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.151.1.1
Lovley DR (2001) Reduction of iron and humics in subsurface environments. In: Fredrickson JK, Fletcher M (eds) Subsurface microbiology and biogeochemistry. Wiley-Liss, New York
Mammola S, Cardoso P, Culver DC et al (2019) Scientists’ warning on the conservation of subterranean ecosystems. BioScience 69(8):641–650. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz064
Mattox GM, Bichuette M, Secutti S (2008) Surface and subterranean ichthyofauna in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, northeastern Brazil, with updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes. Biota Neotrop 8:145–152. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400014
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M et al (2022) vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.5–7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Oliveira AS, da Luz CS, Ferreira CF et al (2023) Relatório Anual 2022. Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Diretoria de Pesquisa, Avaliação e Monitoramento da Biodiversidade. ICMBio/Cecav
Ortíz-Sepúlveda CM, Van Bocxlaer B, Meneses AD, Fernández F (2019) Molecular and morphological recognition of species boundaries in the neglected ant genus Brachymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): toward a taxonomic revision. Org Divers Evol 19(3):447–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00406-2
Pape RB (2016) The importance of ants in cave ecology, with new records and behavioral observations of ants in Arizona caves. Int J Speleol 45:185–205. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.45.3.1936
Prous X, Ferreira RL, Jacobi CM (2015) The entrance as a complex ecotonein a Neotropical cave. Int J Speleol 44:177–189. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.44.2.7
QGIS Development Team (2023) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Quantum Gis version 3.16.7 “Hannover”. http://qgis.osgeo.org. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R foundation for statistical computing. https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Racovitza EG (1907) Essai sur les problèmes biospéologiques. Arch Zool Exp Gen 4ª ser 6:371–488
Reis DL, Machado M (2019) Modelagem do potencial geoturístico do Parque Estadual Serra do Rola Moça - MG. RA’E GA 46(2):171–184. https://doi.org/10.5380/raega.v46i2.62314
Röling WF, van Verseveld HW (2002) Natural attenuation: What does the subsurface have in store? Biodegradation 13:53–64. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016310519957
Romero A (2011) The evolution of cave life: New concepts are challenging conventional ideas about life underground. Am Sci 99(2):144–151. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23019250. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Sakoui S, Derdak R, Addoum B et al (2020) The life hidden inside caves: ecological and economic importance of bat guano. Int J Ecol 2020:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9872532
Santana ME, Souto L, Dantas MA (2010) Diversidade de invertebrados cavernícolas da Toca da Raposa, Simão Dias, Sergipe: o papel do recurso alimentar e métodos de amostragem. Scientia Plena 6(12). Available at: https://www.scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/123. Accessed 03 Oct 2023
Simões MH, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL (2015) Cave physical attributes influencing the structure of terrestrial invertebrate communities in Neotropics. Subterr Biol 16:103–121
Thinès G, Tercafs R (1972) Atlas de la vie souterraine. Albert de Visscher Ed., Bruxelles
Tinaut A, Lopez F (2001) Ants and caves: sociability and ecological constraints (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Sociobiol 37(3):651–660
Trajano E (2001) Mapping subterranean biodiversity in Brazilian karst areas. In: Culver DC, Deharveng L, Gibert J, Sasowsky ID (eds) Karst Waters Institute Special Publications 6:67–70
Trajano E (1987) Fauna cavernícola brasileira: composição e caracterização preliminar. Rev Bras Zool 3:533–561
Trajano E (2000) Cave faunas in the Atlantic tropical rain forest: Composition, ecology and conservation. Biotropica 32:882–893. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00626.x
Trajano E, Bichuette ME (2010) Diversity of Brazilian subterranean invertebrates, with a list of troglomorphic taxa. Subterr Biol 7:1–16
Trajano E, de Carvalho MR (2017) Towards a biologically meaningful classification of subterranean organisms: a critical analysis of the Schiner-Racovitza system from a historical perspective, difficulties of its application and implications for conservation. Subterr Biol 22:1–26
Trajano E, Gnaspini-Netto P (1991) Composição da fauna cavernícola brasileira, com uma análise preliminar da distribuição dos táxons. Rev Bras Zool 7:383–407
Vasconcelos HL, Maravalhas JB, Feitosa RM et al (2018) Neotropical savanna ants show a reversed latitudinal gradient of species richness, with climatic drivers reflecting the forest origin of the fauna. J Biogeogr 45(1):248–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13113
Vasconcelos HL, Feitosa RM, Durigan G, Leão RE, Neves KC (2023a) The Ground-Dwelling Ant Fauna from a Cerrado Reserve in Southeastern Brazil: Vegetation Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Ant Diversity. Neotrop Entomol 52(1):36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-01010-4
Vasconcelos HL, Neves KC, Andersen AN (2023b) Vertical stratification of ant assemblages varies along a latitudinal gradient in Brazilian savanna. J Biogeogr. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14628
Watkins JF (1976) The identification and distribution of New World Army Ants. Baylor University Press, Waco, p 109
Wheeler WM (1922) The ants of Trinidad. Am Mus Novit 45:1–16
Wickham H (2016) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer, Cham, pp 260. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4
Wild AL (2007) A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1622(1):1–55. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.1622.1.1
Wilkie KT, Mertl AL, Tranello JF (2007) Biodiversity below ground: probing the subterranean ant fauna of Amazonia. Naturwissenschaften 94:725–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0250-2
Wilson EO (1962) The Trinidad cave ant Erebomyrma (= Spelaeomyrmex) urichi (Wheeler), with a comment on cavernicolous ants in general. Psyche: A J Entomol 69:62–72
Wong M, Guénard B (2017) Subterranean ants: summary and perspectives on field sampling methods, with notes on diversity and ecology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News 25:1–16. https://doi.org/10.25849/myrmecol.news_025:001
Wynne JJ, Howarth FG, Sommer S, Dickson BG (2019) Fifty years of cave arthropod sampling: techniques and best practices. Int J Speleol 48:33–48. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.48.1.2231
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Aline da Silva Reis, which contributed to the collection of the ants in field and Rogério Dell' Antônio, coordinator of the Cadastro Nacional de Cavernas CNC for his collaboration on recovering the type of subterranean cavity of most of the sites explored in this study. Also, we thank Dr. Amanda Dias and Dr. Otávio Morais for the confirmation of Hypoponera and Solenopsis species. RMF was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (grant 301495/2019-0). The biological material used in this study was collected in accordance with SISBio authorizations Number: 50702-1 from the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) and AMF nº 24.011/2019 from the Secretaria de Estado de Meio-Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Estado de Minas Gerais.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ladino, N., M. Feitosa, R., de Almeida Zampaulo, R. et al. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in subterranean natural cavities of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biologia (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01692-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01692-8