Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aquatic animal diseases with awareness and perception of freshwater fish farmers on aquatic animal health management practices in tropical archipelago of India

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper highlights the aquatic animal diseases and stakeholders perception towards aquatic animal health management for better governance and management in freshwater aquaculture sector of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), a tropical archipelago of India. Viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and nutritional deficiency diseases are reported from the aquatic animals of ANI. Among these, parasitic diseases are dominated in which protozoans, myxozoans, monogeneans, helminth and crustaceans are rampant. Freshwater fish farmers (n = 305) of ANI were interviewed to gain detailed insights on their existing culture practices. Majority of the respondents are not following better management practices such as proper pre-stocking or pond preparation (62.30%), fertilizer application (43.28%), treatment of culture water (63.28%), feeding and fish health management (63.93%) which leads to less productivity. Major issues such as presence of other organisms along with targeted imported fish seeds (86.45%), gasping for air at surface as sign of diseased fish (40.91%), summer as peak disease occurring season (76.36%), use of lime and potassium permanganate (36.07%) to treat the diseased fishes were highlighted by the stakeholders. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that odds of disease occurrence in South Andaman (odds ratio 0.22) is more than other two districts of ANI and the farmers who are older are likely to have less disease occurrence (odds ratio 1.02) in their farms than the younger farmers. The present study provides a concrete evidence that fish diseases and biosecurity measures are perceived differently by the farmers and also outlined the framework for aquatic animal health management in ANI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All the required data are provided within the manuscript.

References

  • Abraham TJ, Sil SK, Vineetha PV (2010) A comparative study on the aquaculture practices adopted by fish farmers in Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Indian J Fish 57:41–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Aftabuddin S, Islam MN, Bhuyain MAB, Mannan MA, Alam MM (2016) Fish diseases and strategies taken by the farmers in freshwater aquaculture at Southwestern Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Zool 44:111–122. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v44i1.30181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aneesh PT, Bruce NL, Nashad M, Bineesh K, Hatha AAM (2020) A new species of Renocila Miers, 1880 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), a fish parasitic isopod from Andaman Island, India. Marine Biol Res 16:396–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2020.1761028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aneesh PT, Nashad M, Bijukumar A, Bineesh K, Mohamed Hatha AA (2021) Review of the global distribution and hosts of the fish parasitic isopod genus Renocila Miers, 1880 (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) with the description of a new species from Andaman Islands, India. J Nat Hist 55:2761–2785. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.2019341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ANI fisheries policy (2018) Draft Andaman and Nicobar Islands fisheries policy, pp 1–17. https://www.and.nic.in/pdf/policydocument.pdf. Accessed 22 Aug 2022

  • Anil P, Das T, Jayaraj KA (2018) New record of marine parasitic isopods (Family, Corallinidae) from South Andaman, Andaman Islands, India. J Trop Life Sci 8:295–302. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.08.03.12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benansio JS, Funk SM, Lino JL, Balli JJ, Dante JO, Dendi D, Fa JE, Luiselli L (2022) Perceptions and attitudes towards climate change in fishing communities of the Sudd Wetlands, South Sudan. Reg Environ Change 22:78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01928-w

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chakurkar EB, Sunder J, Jerard BA, Bhattacharya D, Ahmed SKZ, Singh PK, Sankar RK, Waman AA, Saravanan K, Alyethodi RR (2021) ICAR-CIARI, Annual Report 2021. Director, ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair, pp 1–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakurkar EB, Sunder J, Jerard BA, Bhattacharya D, Singh PK, Ahmed SKZ, De AK, Saravanan K, Bohra P, Adamala S (2022) ICAR-CIARI, Annual report 2022. Director, ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair, p 82

  • Das BK, Das AK, Mohanty BP, Chandrasekhar J, Hamja C, Talukdar SK, Sar UK (2017) Inland fisheries development in the Island ecosystem of A & N Islands. J Inland Fish Soc India 49:73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Delabbio JL, Johnson GR, Murphy BR, Hallerman E, Woart A, McMullin SL (2005) Fish disease and biosecurity: Attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of managers and owners of commercial finfish recirculating facilities in the United States and Canada. J Aquat Anim Health 17:153–159. https://doi.org/10.1577/H04-005.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkhuizen AA, Hardaker JB, Huirne RBM (1994) Risk attitude and decision making in contagious disease control. Prev Vet Med 18:203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(94)90076-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta TR, Rao JR (1983) The first five years of CARI 1978–83. CARI, Port Blair, pp 1–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Fariya N, Kaur H, Singh M, Abidi R, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new myxozoan, Myxobolus grassi sp. nov. (Myxosporea), infecting the Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Gomti river, India. Pathogens 11:303. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta NK, Khanna M (1974) On some of the monogenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Port-Blair (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India) Part 1. Rev Iber Parasitol 34:257–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta NK, Miglani A (1976) Digenetic trematodes from marine food fishes and wild ducks of Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) India. Rev Iber Parasitol 36:219–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafeezullah M, Dutta IB (1979) Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Andaman. Rec Zool Surv India 77:75. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v77/i1-4/1979/161843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton T, Okamura B (2001) Cymothoid isopod parasites in aquaculture: a review and case study of a Turkish sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus auratus) farm. Dis Aquat Organ 46:181–188. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ICAR Newsletter (2012) Satellite fish nursery technique - a new tool for livelihood improvement in North and Middle Andaman. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare). https://icar.org.in/node/341. Accessed 22 August 2022

  • ICAR Newsletter (2022) ICAR-CIARI signs MoU with M/s. Meyor Nature. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare). https://icar.org.in/content/icar-ciari-signs-mou-ms-meyor-nature. Accessed 22 August 2022

  • ICAR-CIARI (2019) Annual report, ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Garacharma, Port Blair, p 168

  • ICAR-CIARI (2020) Annual report, ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Garacharma, Port Blair, p 199

  • Jithin K, Swapna A, Kumar RR, Venu S, Helna AK, Sudha K (2016) Studies on crustacean parasites from commercial marine fish along the Andaman coast in comparison with Malabar coast of Kerala of Indian EEZ. World J Fish Marine Sci 8:47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur H (2014) Myxozoan infestation in freshwater fishes in wetlands and aquaculture in Punjab (India). Adv Anim Vet Sci 2:488–502. https://doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.9.488.502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiruba-Sankar R, Praveenraj J, Saravanan K, Kumar KL, Haridas H, Biswas U (2021) Stakeholder perceptions and strategies for management of non-native freshwater fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag 24:96–104. https://doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiruba-Sankar R, Saravanan K, Haridas H, Praveenraj J, Biswas U, Sarkar R (2022) Policy framework and development strategy for freshwater aquaculture sector in the light of COVID-19 impact in Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, India. Aquaculture 548:737596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiruba-Sankar R, Praveen Raj J, Saravanan K, Lohith Kumar K, Raymond Jani Angel J, Velmurugan A, Dam Roy S (2018) Invasive species in freshwater ecosystems - threats to ecosystem services. In: Jaisankar I (ed) Chandrakasan Sivaperuman, Velmurugan A, Awnindra Kumar Singh. Biodiversity and climate change adaptation in tropical Islands. Elsevier, Academic Press, USA, pp 257–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar TS, Krishnan P, Makesh M, Chaudhari A, Purushothaman C, Rajendran K (2011) Natural host-range and experimental transmission of Laem-Singh virus (LSNV). Dis Aquat Organ 96:21–27. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Meena BL, Kasinath BL, Paul T, Kumar R (2020) Fish farming input uses and production performance in North and Middle Andaman. J Krishi Vigyan 9:121–125. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2020.00089.6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kundu A, Ahmed SKZ, Gangaiah B, Jerard BA, Bhattacharya D, Singh PK, Kiruba-Sankar R, Ram N (eds) (2017–2018) Annual report 2017–2018 of ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair, p 241

  • Kundu A, Ahmed SKZ, Gangaiah B, Jerard BA, Roy SD, Bhattacharya D, Singh PK, Singh LB, Kashinath BL (eds) (2018–2019) Annual report 2018–2019 of ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair, p 327

  • Li H-X, Ma L-S, Yu X-J, Li L, Yang C-P, Yan Y (2015) Colonization of Octolasmis (Cirripedia) on the crab Portunus sanguinolentus (Brachyura: Portunidae): impacts of the parasitism of Diplothylacus sinensis (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). J Crust Biol 35:159–165. https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-00002311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nashad M (2020) Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771), a new host for Lernaeolophus sultanus (Milne Edwards, 1840) (Siphonostomatoida; Pennellidae) from Andaman and Nicobar waters, India. J Mar Biol Assoc India 62:117–120. https://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2020.62.2.2146-15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nashad M, Sijo PV, Swapnil SS, Pratyush D (2018) New records of four parasitic copepods (Crustacea, Siphonostomatoida) from Andaman and Nicobar Waters, India. J Fish Environ 42:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Nashad M, Varghese SP, Bineesh KK, Mohamed Hatha AA, Rajendran S, Ramalingam L (2019) Novel report of three parasites of wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. J Mar Biol Assoc India 61:61–65. https://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2019.61.1.2090-09

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nashad M, Aneesh PT, Kumar AB, Bineesh K (2021) A new species of branchial fish parasitic isopod, Norileca Bruce, 1990 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), from the Andaman Islands, India. Mar Biol Res 17:669–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2021.2011321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndah HT, Knierim A, Ndambi OA (2011) Fish pond aquaculture in Cameroon: A field survey of determinants for farmers’ adoption behaviour. J Agric Educ Ext 17:309–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2011.576578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ntsama ISB, Tambe BA, Tsafack Takadong JJ, Medoua Nama G, Kansci G (2018) Characteristics of fish farming practices and agrochemicals usage therein in four regions of Cameroon. Egypt J Aquat Res 44:145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.06.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patankar VJ (2019) Attitude, perception and awareness of stakeholders towards the protected marine species in the Andaman Islands. Ocean Coast Manag 179:104830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathan A, Paul S, Kadeparambil AJ (2019) New host record of Lutjanus gibbus for parasitic Nerocila sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from South Andaman, Andaman Islands, India. J Trop Life Sci 9(3):217–222. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.09.03.01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pekmezci GZ, Yardimci B, Bolukbas CS, Beyhan YE, Umur S (2011) mortality due to heavy infestation of Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Branchiura) in pond-reared carp, Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758 (Pisces). Crustaceana 84:553–557. https://doi.org/10.1163/001121611X574317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep HD, Swapnil SS, Monalisha Devi S (2016) Report of Epizootic Cirripede, Conchoderma virgatum (Spengler, 1790) on Pennella instructa (Wilson, 1917) parasitic on Indo-Pacific Sailfish Istiophorus platypterus caught from Andaman Sea. J Entomol Zool Stud 4:1208–1210

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep HD, Arun Kumar M, Swapnil SS (2017a) First report of Echthrogaleus denticulatus (Smith 1874) on the pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus Nakamura 1935) from Indian EEZ of Andaman Sea. Sains Malays 46:1675–1678. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-01

  • Pradeep HD, Swapnil SS, Nashad M, Moalisha Devi S (2017b) New host and geographical record of the pandarid copepod, Pandarus cranchii (Leach, 1819) on the pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935 from Andaman Sea. J Entomol Zool Stud 5:834–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep HD, Venu S, Sumitha G, Swapnil SS, Bineesh KK (2018) First report of Tristomella laevis (Verrill, 1875) Guiart, 1938 parasitic on Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792) from Andaman Sea. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 47:1616–1619

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep HD, Venu S, Kumar RR, Sumitha G, Bineesh KK, Farejiya MK (2019a) New host and geographical record of Eudactylina pusilla Cressey, 1967 from Indian waters with DNA barcodes. J Fish 7:700–705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep HD, Venu S, Sumitha G (2019b) First record of Gloiopotes watsoni Kirtisinghe, 1934 parasitic on Istiophorus platypteurs (Shaw and Nodder 1792) from Andaman Sea with DNA barcodes. I3 Biodiversity 5:502

  • Praveenraj J, Saravanan K, Puneeth Kumar P, Ravichandran S, Baruah A, Monalisha Devi S, Kiruba Sankar R, Dam Roy S (2017b) First record on the occurrence of Ryukyua circularis (Pillai, 1954), a parasitic cymothoid (Crustacean: Isopoda) infesting the clupeid fish Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum) from Andaman Islands, India. J Parasit Dis 41:593–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-016-0823-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Praveenraj J, Saravanan K, Sivaramakrishnan T, Baruah A, Puneeth Kumar P, Kiruba Sankar R, Dam Roy S (2019) Occurrence of Norileca indica (Milne Edwards, 1840), a parasitic cymothoid (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) on bigeye scad, Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) from Andaman Islands, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 48:452–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Praveenraj J, Saravanan K, Kiruba Sankar R, Dam Roy S (2017a) New record of fish and crustacean parasites from marine and freshwater ecosystem of Andaman Islands, India. In: Proceedings of International Conference on aquatic animal health and parasitic diseases. Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, p 136

  • Rajkumar M, Kumaraguru Vasagam K, Perumal P, Trilles J (2005) First record of Cymothoa indica (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) infecting the cultured catfish Mystus gulio in India. Dis Aquat Organ 65:269–272. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao065269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rameshkumar G, Ravichandran S (2014) Problems caused by isopod parasites in commercial fishes. J Parasit Dis 38:138–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0210-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ravichandran S, Rameshkumar G, Trilles JP (2011) New records of two parasitic cymothoids from Indian fishes. J Parasit Dis 35:232–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-011-0046-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo PK, Mohanty J, Garnayak SK, Mohanty BR, Kar B, Prasanth H, Jena JK (2013) Estimation of loss due to argulosis in carp culture ponds in India. Indian J Fish 60(2):99–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Nilavan SE, Sudhagar S (2013) Diseases of mariculture finfish species: A review. Isr J Aquac 65:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Baruah A, Praveenraj J, Anuraj A, Angel JRJ, Thakur VR, Sivaramakrishnan T, Kumar KL, Kumar PP, Sankar RK, Roy SD (2015) Overview of aquatic animal diseases in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. J Immunol Immunopathol 17(1):17–24. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2015.00002.7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Kumar PP, Praveenraj J, Baruah A, Sivaramakrishnan T, Kumar TS, Kumar SP, Sankar RK, Roy SD (2017a) Investigation and confirmation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in wild caught penaeid shrimps of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. VirusDisease 28:368–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0406-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Praveenraj J, Sivaramakrishnan T, Kiruba Sankar R (2017b) First report on the outbreak of Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Branchiura) at a carp seed farm from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India J Entomol Zool Stud 5:1192–1195

    Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Puneeth Kumar P, Baruah A, Praveenraj J, Sathish Kumar T, Pramod Kumar S, Sivaramakrishnan T, Anuraj A, Raymond Jani Angel J, Kiruba Sankar R, Dam Roy S (2017c) IHHNV Infection from the wild shrimps of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India. Curr Sci 113:2027. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v113/i10/2027-2031

  • Saravanan K, Kumar S, Praveenraj J, Meena BL, Kasinath BL (2020) Molecular characterization of muscle infecting Myxobolus sp. causing outbreak in Labeo rohita, rohu: First report from Andaman Islands. Indian J Anim Res 55(2):211–216. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.B-3931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Praveenraj J, Kiruba-Sankar R, Devi V, Biswas U, Kumar TS, Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G (2021) Co-infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the wild crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. Viruses 13:1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071378

  • Seepana R, Nigam NK, Musaliyarakam N, Chandrakasan S (2021) Occurrence of ectoparasitic isopod Norileca indica (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) on bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) from Great Nicobar Island. India J Parasit Dis 45:306–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01330-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sethi SN, Mahendran V, Nivas K, Krishnan P, Damroy S, Ram N, Sethi S (2011) Detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in brood stock of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and other crustaceans of Andaman waters. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 40:403–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Shrivastav AB, Sahni YP, Pandy G (2012) Overviews of the treatment and control of common fish diseases. Int Res J Pharm 3:123–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinn AP, Pratoomyot J, Bron JE, Paladini G, Brooker EE, Brooker AJ (2015) Economic costs of protistan and metazoan parasites to global mariculture. Parasitology 142:196–270. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182014001437

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shivam S, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G (2021) Development of fish parasite vaccines in the OMICs era: Progress and opportunities. Vaccines 9:179. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020179

  • Shome R (1999) Atypical chronic form of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Indian major carp, Catla catla from Andaman. Curr Sci 76:1188–1190

    Google Scholar 

  • Shome R, Shome BR, Sarangi N, Bandyopadhyay AK (1996) Etiological characterization of acute infectious abdominal dropsy outbreak affecting Indian major carps Cirrhinus mrigala in South Andaman. Curr Sci 70:741–744

    Google Scholar 

  • Shome R, Shome BR, Krishnamurthy V, Dey SC, Soundararajan R (1999a) Bacteriological investigation of pop-eye disease in marine ornamental aquaria fishes from Andaman. Indian J Fish 46:351–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Shome R, Shome BR, Soundararajan R (1999b) Studies on luminous Vibrio harveyi isolated from Penaeus monodon larvae reared in hatcheries in Andamans. Indian J Fish 46:141–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Kaur H (2012) Biodiversity of myxozoan parasites infecting freshwater fishes of three main wetlands of Punjab, India. Protistology 7:79–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivaramakrishnan T, Shalini B, Saravanan K, Kiruba Sankar R, Varghese B, Dam Roy S (2017) Developing low-cost fish feeds in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. World Aquaculture 48(2):65–68. https://www.was.org/Magazine/2017/02/index.aspx#66. Accessed 22 Aug 2022

  • Sudhagar A, Ertl R, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M (2019a) Transcriptome profiling of posterior kidney of brown trout, Salmo trutta , during proliferative kidney disease. Parasit Vectors 12:569.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3823-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhagar A, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M (2019b) The malacosporean myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae: A threat to wild salmonids. Pathogens 9:16. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9010016

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G (2020) Identification and expression profiling of toll-like receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 21:3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G (2022) Genome-wide alternative splicing profile in the posterior kidney of brown trout (Salmo trutta) during proliferative kidney disease. BMC Genom 23:446. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08685-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trilles JP (1994) Les Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) du monde: prodrome pour une faune. Studia Marina 21/22:5–288

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Director, ICAR-CIARI for providing the necessary support to conduct the present study.

Funding

The work was conducted under the National Surveillance Programme for Aquatic Animal Diseases (NSPAAD) project and ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow served as the coordinating agency. The funding support to NSPAAD under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana from the Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India is thankfully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for the support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

    Kandasamy Saravanan, Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Utpal Biswas & Ritika Sarkar

  2. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Powarkheda Research Centre, Hoshangabad, 461110, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Harsha Haridas

  3. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India

    Neha Wajahat Qureshi

Authors
  1. Kandasamy Saravanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jayasimhan Praveenraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Utpal Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ritika Sarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Harsha Haridas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Neha Wajahat Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, writing—original draft preparation and project administration, K.S.; Methodology and investigation, J.P.; Methodology, writing—review and editing, R.K.-S.; Sampling and methodology, U.B. and R.S.; Data curation and formal analysis, H.H. and N.W.Q. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kandasamy Saravanan.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The study was conducted as per the guidelines of care and use of animals by the Institute Animal Ethics Committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Port Blair, India.

Consent to participate

The ethical standards for the present study was undertaken by following Patankar (2019). The written consent was not obtained from the respondents due to the prevailing restrictions of COVID-19 and followed the telephonic mode of interview. But verbal consent was taken to participate in the interview from the respondents prior to obtain their responses.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 31 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saravanan, K., Praveenraj, J., Kiruba-Sankar, R. et al. Aquatic animal diseases with awareness and perception of freshwater fish farmers on aquatic animal health management practices in tropical archipelago of India. Biologia 79, 823–840 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01573-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01573-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation