Abstract
The proximity of arsenic in environment has transformed into a genuine natural issue among various regions of the world. An assortment of microorganisms is recognized today remediating arsenic by their metabolic pathways. Arsenicals like arsenate and arsenite are misleadingly similar to vital growth supplements. Structurally arsenate resembles to phosphate, competitively enters the cell through phosphate transportation channels and aquaglyceroporins (arsenite) respectively. The aox gene array were identified and distinguished for conveying arsenite oxidation using oxidases. Native microscopic organisms catalyze arsenic transformation encouraged by anaerobic condition through arr and ars operon systems. The genes for arsenic resistance were identified by nucleotide sequencing and the existence of multiple operon systems (arsRBCDA) were confirmed. The orf arrangements as an operon is utilized as a part of arsenic resistance mechanism by microorganisms residing in tainted mining regions. Many microorganisms are also identified harboring multi-operon arsenic resisting/transforming operons, including operon switching property according to the environment. Likewise, many other genes are also discovered to play important role in metabolizing arsenic, discussed here. This study concentrates on thrusts in biochemical and molecular developments in the field of arsenic metabolizing microbial systems, covering concept of redox operon systems and their mechanism of action. The molecular investigations of these microorganisms and their proteins may prompt development of fruitful bioremediation techniques.
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Abbreviations
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- DMA(III):
-
Dimethylarsinous Acid
- EPS:
-
Exopolysaccharide
- E.coli :
-
Escherichia coli
- MMAs(III):
-
Monomethylarsonous acid
- MTs:
-
Methyltransferases
- PCR:
-
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- rDNA:
-
Ribosomal DNA
- SAM:
-
S – Adenosylmethionine
- TMA:
-
Trimethylarsine
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I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Er. Ankit Singh for providing assistance on editing of the manuscript. I would like to thank the Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Mangalayatan University for extending the support for completion of this work.
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Bhardwaj, A. Understanding the diversified microbial operon framework coupled to arsenic transformation and expulsion. Biologia 77, 3531–3544 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01198-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01198-1