Abstract
Microbial keratinase dexterity for keratin bioconversion into protein hydrolysates with high economic value is premised on its unique hydrolytic properties. Consequently, a novel keratinolytic Sphingobacterium multivorum HNFx (NCBI: MW165488.1) was grown on chicken feathers as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. Accordingly, extracellular keratinase production by the isolate was enhanced by optimizing various physico-nutritional parameters. The amino acid composition of the feather hydrolysate was analyzed, and the biochemical properties of the produced keratinase were evaluated. The results of the study indicated that HNFx elaborated maximum keratinase (1526.36 ± 8.99 U/mL) 72 h post-incubation. Analysis of the feather hydrolysate showed various amino acids with a relatively high abundance of aspartic acid (3.63%) and glutamic acid (3.56%), with significant concentration of arginine (2.44%), serine (2.08%), glycine (2.06%), and leucine (2.03%). HNFx keratinases showed optimal activity at pH of 8 and temperature of 90 oC. Metal ion chelators; EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited the enzyme activity, suggesting a metallokeratinase. The enzyme activity was remarkably enhanced by chemical agents; SDS, triton X-100, DMSO, H2O2, and metal ions; Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Fe2+; but significantly affected by Zn2+ and Co2+. S. multivorum HNFx has shown the propensity to add value to keratinous wastes through bioconversion into quality protein hydrolysate with immense prospects in the livestock sector. The properties of HNFx keratinase highlight its biotechnological and industrial significance for the development of eco-friendly bioprocesses.
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Availability of data and material
The datasets analyzed in the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The nucleotide sequence of the Sphingobacterium multivorum HNFx was deposited in NCBI GenBank and could be accessed through the accession number MW165488.
Abbreviations
- BSM:
-
Basal salt media
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTT:
-
Dithiothreitol
- EDTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- NCBI:
-
National Centre for Biotechnology Information
- NEAA:
-
Nutritionally nonessential amino acids
- NPN:
-
Nonprotein nitrogen
- PCF:
-
Pulverized chicken feathers
- PMSF:
-
Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
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This work was supported by the Industrial Biocatalysis Hub, funded by the Department of Science and Innovation and the Technology Innovation Agency.
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Conceptualization: Uchechukwu Nwodo and Nonso Nnolim; Methodology: Qaphela Hendrick and Nonso Nnolim; Formal analysis and investigation: Nonso Nnolim and Nolonwabo Nontongana; Writing - original draft preparation: Qaphela Hendrick and Nonso Nnolim; Writing - review and editing: Uchechukwu Nwodo; Resources and Supervision: Uchechukwu Nwodo. The authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
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Hendrick, Q., Nnolim, N.E., Nontongana, N. et al. Sphingobacterium multivorum HNFx produced thermotolerant and chemostable keratinase on chicken feathers. Biologia 77, 2921–2931 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01126-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01126-3