Abstract
Native isolate of Trichoderma harzianum T103 with proven plant growth promotion and biocontrol ability was examined further for its pesticide degradative potential. The study presents first evidence for an isolate’s potential to degrade hazardous organophosphate pesticide while offering protection to the host (Sorghum bicolor). T103 demonstrated a broad range of tolerance towards very high dosage of monocrotophos (MCP), showing LD50 as high as 1950 ppm. Substrate exclusion studies confirmed the isolate’s preference to MCP as the phosphorous source. A range of pesticide degradative enzymes, including phosphatase, esterase, and OP hydrolase were detected in extracellular soup. FTIR spectral analysis revealed the disappearance of the vinyl phosphate bond (2990 cm−1 and 2924 cm−1) and HPLC analysis confirmed the degradation. Pretreatment with T103 conferred 1.45 fold increments in germination percentage. Extended plant bioassay experiment found that bio priming with isolate reduced phytotoxicity symptoms by almost 50%, while root length, shoot length, and biomass increased by 34.48%, 35.77%, and 144%, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of root interaction affirmed the applicability of the isolate for seed bio priming under pesticide stress. The study provides convincing evidence for the isolate’s suitability to degrade residual pesticide.
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Abbreviations
- MCP:
-
Monocrotophos
- LD50 :
-
Lethal dose 50
- FTIR:
-
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
- HPLC:
-
High performance liquid chromatography
- SEM:
-
Scanning Electron Microscope
- MRL:
-
Maximum Residue Limits
- OPP:
-
Organophosphate pesticides
- a.i/ha:
-
Active ingredient/ ha
- SL:
-
Soluble concentrate
- MDB:
-
Malt dextrose broth
- PMB:
-
Plant microbe bioassay
- MMN:
-
Modified Melin-Norkrans
- CMC:
-
Carboxymethyl cellulose
- ALGR:
-
Average linear growth rate
- RPM:
-
Revolutions per minute
- DAI:
-
Days after incubation
- CFE:
-
Cell free extracts
- PTPA:
-
Pesticide tolerance plate assay
- RL:
-
Root length
- SL:
-
Shoot length
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- ASURE:
-
Aseptic, Simple, Uniform, Rapid, Economical
- PPM:
-
Parts per million
- PP %:
-
Phytotoxicity %
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India for providing funds and Jaypee institute of information technology for providing basic facilities and infrastructure required for the execution of project.
Funding
The work was supported by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, with Grant number (BT / PR21299 /BCE /8 / 1402/2016).
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The authors listed above have equal contributions; the work is part of the doctoral research of Ms. Archana Kumari and Prof. S. Krishna Sundari is the supervisor. The authors acknowledge Dr. Mahaveer P Sharma, IISR Indore for providing the seeds, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, for SEM facilities, and Arbro Laboratories, New Delhi for HPLC analysis.
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Kumari, A., Sattiraju, K.S. In vitro and in vivo evidence for the mitigation of monocrotophos toxicity using native Trichoderma harzianum isolate. Biologia 77, 2335–2349 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01078-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01078-8