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Dietary Black Raspberry Seed Oil Ameliorates Inflammatory Activities in db/db Mice

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Lipids

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of the markers related to inflammation in db/db mice fed black raspberry seed (BRS) oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid. Mice were divided into four groups: (1) C57BL/6 mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (normal CON); (2) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (CON); (3) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 8 % calories from soybean and 8 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 50 %); and (4) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 16 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 100 %). After 10 weeks, n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the livers and epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % mice than in the CON. Serum TNFα and IL-6 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Serum IL-10 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the BRS 100 % than the CON. In the liver and epididymal adipose tissue, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % were lower than in the CON. Anti-inflammatory markers were higher in the epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. In the epididymal adipose tissue, macrophage infiltration markers (F4/80 and CD68) and leptin mRNA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Results of this study suggest that BRS oil may have anti-inflammatory effects in obese diabetic mice by ameliorating inflammatory responses.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

Alpha linolenic acid

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

CCR2:

C–C motif chemokine receptor 2

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

Chi3l3:

Chitinase 3-like 3

COX2:

Cyclooxygenase 2

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

MCP1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

Mgl1:

Macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine-specific lectin-1

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

TLR4:

Toll-like receptor 4

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Mid-career Researcher Program through a National Research Foundation (Grant No. 20110010846) by Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Hee Jae Lee, Hana Jung, Hyunnho Cho, Kiuk Lee & Keum Taek Hwang

  2. Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 03087, Korea

    Hana Jung & Ho-Kyung Kwak

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  1. Hee Jae Lee
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Correspondence to Keum Taek Hwang.

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Lee, H.J., Jung, H., Cho, H. et al. Dietary Black Raspberry Seed Oil Ameliorates Inflammatory Activities in db/db Mice. Lipids 51, 715–727 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4159-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4159-4

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