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Supplementation and delivery of n−3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats

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Lipids

Abstract

Indian diets comprising staples such as cereals, millets, and pulses provide 4.8 energy % from linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) but fail to deliver adequate amounts of n−3 FA. Consumption of long-chain n−3 PUFA such as EPA (20∶5n−3) and DHA (22∶6n−3) is restricted to those who consume fish. The majority of the Indian population, however, are vegetarians needing additional dietary sources of n−3 PUFA. The present work was designed to use n−3 FA-enriched spray-dired milk powder to provide n−3 FA. Whole milk was supplemented with linseed oil to provide α-linolenic acid (LNA, 18∶3n−3), with fish oil to provide EPA and DHA, or with groundnut oil (GNO), which is devoid of n−3 PUFA, and then spray-dired. Male Wistar rats were fed the spray-dired milk formulations for 60 d. The rats given formulations containing n−3 FA showed significant increases (P<0.001) in the levels of LNA or EPA/DHA in the serum and in tissue as compared with those fed the GNO control formulation. Rats fed formulations containing n−3 FA had 30–35% lower levels of serum total cholesterol and 25–30% lower levels of serum TAG than control animals. Total cholesterol and TAG in the livers of rats fed the formulations containing n−3 FA were lower by 18–30% and 11–18%, respectively, compared with control animals. This study showed that spray-dried milk formulations supplemented with n−3 FA are an effective means of improving dietary n−3 FA intake, which may decrease the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.

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Abbreviations

FO:

fish oil

GNO:

groundnut oil

LA:

linoleic acid

LNA:

α-linolenic acid

LSO:

linseed oil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), 570 020, Mysore, India

    T. R. Ramaprasad & B. R. Lokesh

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), 570 020, Mysore, India

    V. Baskaran & K. Sambaiah

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  1. T. R. Ramaprasad
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  2. V. Baskaran
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  3. K. Sambaiah
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  4. B. R. Lokesh
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Correspondence to B. R. Lokesh.

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Ramaprasad, T.R., Baskaran, V., Sambaiah, K. et al. Supplementation and delivery of n−3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats. Lipids 39, 627–632 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1275-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1275-6

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