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Genome-wide molecular characterization of Phosphate Transporter 1 and Phosphate Starvation Response gene families in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and their transcriptional response under different levels of phosphate starvation

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Abstract

Phosphate (Pi) fertilizer is applied in huge amount due to the poor absorption of Pi by crops especially in acidic tropical soil. As the major global source of oil and fats, the mechanism of Pi transport in oil palm needs to be studied to maintain good productivity for sustainable palm oil production. Ten Elaeis guineensis Phosphate Transporter1 (EgPHT1) and three Elaeis guineensis Phosphate Starvation Response (EgPHR) genes were identified in this study. All EgPHT1 proteins contain GGDYPLSATIxSE, the signature sequence of PHT1. All EgPHR have MYB-binding domain and coiled-coil domain characteristic of PHR at their C-terminal regions and one unique SOG2 domain for EgPHR1. The expression of four of the EgPHT1 and two of the EgPHR under low Pi (LP) and Pi starvation (-P) was studied by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). All genes showed enhanced expression in roots at −P compared to +P but no detectable change in the leaves. The expression profile of EgPHR2 which showed significant upregulation at LP compared to +P and further increase at −P correlated with EgPHT1;4 and EgPHT1;7 that possess P1BS motif in their promoter sequences, the binding site for PHR. PHR2, as a potential early transcriptional regulator for phosphate starvation was proven to be nuclear localized by subcellular localization experiment. Altogether, this study suggests all four analyzed EgPHT1 and two EgPHR play critical role in responding to Pi deprivation in oil palm. EgPHT1;4 and EgPHT1;7 which possess the P1BS motif are potentially upregulated by EgPHR2 as an early response mechanism against phosphate starvation.

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Abbreviations

+P:

Pi sufficient

–P:

Pi deficient

aa:

Amino acids

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

bHLH:

Basic helix-loop-helix

BLAST:

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

CC:

Coiled-coil

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GM:

Genetically modified

LP:

Low Pi

MEGA 7:

Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis 7

MYB:

Myeloblastosis

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

P:

Phosphorus

P1BS:

PHR1-binding sequence

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PHF1:

Phosphate transporter traffic facilitator 1

PHL1:

PHR1-LIKE1

PHR:

Phosphate starvation response

PHT1:

Phosphate transporter

1Pi:

Phosphate

PSI:

Pi starvation induced

qPCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

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Funding

This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Malaysia under Trans Disciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS) (TRGS/1/2016/UPM/01/6/1). MH was supported by Graduate Research Fellowship from Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Luqman Hamzah & Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah

  2. Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme

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  1. Muhammad Luqman Hamzah
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  3. Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme
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Correspondence to Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah.

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Hamzah, M.L., Abdullah, S.N.A. & Azzeme, A.M. Genome-wide molecular characterization of Phosphate Transporter 1 and Phosphate Starvation Response gene families in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and their transcriptional response under different levels of phosphate starvation. Acta Physiol Plant 43, 113 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03282-6

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