Abstract
A numerical framework was proposed for the seismic analysis of underground structures in layered ground under inclined P-SV waves. The free-field responses are first obtained using the stiffness matrix method based on plane-wave assumptions. Then, the domain reduction method was employed to reproduce the wavefield in the numerical model of the soil–structure system. The proposed numerical framework was verified by providing comparisons with analytical solutions for cases involving free-field responses of homogeneous ground, layered ground, and pressure-dependent heterogeneous ground, as well as for an example of a soil–structure interaction simulation. Compared with the viscous and viscous-spring boundary methods adopted in previous studies, the proposed framework exhibits the advantage of incorporating oblique incident waves in a nonlinear heterogeneous ground. Numerical results show that SV-waves are more destructive to underground structures than P-waves, and the responses of underground structures are significantly affected by the incident angles.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
McCallen D, Petersson A, Rodgers A, Pitarka A, Miah M, Petrone F, Sjogreen B, Abrahamson N, Tang H. EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers part I: Computational models and workflow. Earthquake Spectra, 2021, 37(2): 707–735
Bilotta E, Lanzano G, Madabhushi S P G, Silvestri F. A numerical Round Robin on tunnels under seismic actions. Acta Geotechnica, 2014, 9(4): 563–579
Yuan Y, Yang Y S, Zhang S H, Yu H T, Sun J. A benchmark 1 g shaking table test of shallow segmental mini-tunnel in sand. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2020, 18(11): 5383–5412
Régnier J, Bonilla L F, Bard P Y, Bertrand E, Hollender F, Kawase H, Sicilia D, Arduino P, Amorosi A, Asimaki D, Boldini D, Chen L, Chiaradonna A, DeMartin F, Ebrille M, Elgamal A, Falcone G, Foerster E, Foti S, Garini E, Gazetas G, Gélis C, Ghofrani A, Giannakou A, Gingery J R, Glinsky N, Harmon J, Hashash Y, Iai S, Jeremić B, Kramer S, Kontoe S, Kristek J, Lanzo G, Lernia A, Lopez-Caballero F, Marot M, McAllister G, Diego Mercerat E, Moczo P, Montoya-Noguera S, Musgrove M, Nieto-Ferro A, Pagliaroli A, Pisanò F, Richterova A, Sajana S, Santisi d’Avila M P, Shi J, Silvestri F, Taiebat M, Tropeano G, Verrucci L, Watanabe K. International benchmark on numerical simulations for 1D, nonlinear site response (PRENOLIN): Verification phase based on canonical cases. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2016, 106(5): 2112–2135
Abell J A, Orbović N, McCallen D B, Jeremic B. Earthquake soil-structure interaction of nuclear power plants, differences in response to 3-D, 3×1-D, and 1-D excitations. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2018, 47(6): 1478–1495
Løkke A, Chopra A K. Direct finite element method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of concrete dams: Simplification, modeling, and practical application. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2019, 48(7): 818–842
Lysmer J, Kuhlemeyer R L. Finite dynamic model for infinite media. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1969, 95(4): 859–877
Zhao W S, Chen W Z, Yang D S, Tan X J, Gao H, Li C. Earthquake input mechanism for time-domain analysis of tunnels in layered ground subjected to obliquely incident P- and SV-waves. Engineering Structures, 2019, 181: 374–386
Li P, Song E X. Three-dimensional numerical analysis for the longitudinal seismic response of tunnels under an asynchronous wave input. Computers and Geotechnics, 2015, 63: 229–243
Huang J Q, Zhao M, Du X. Non-linear seismic responses of tunnels within normal fault ground under obliquely incident P waves. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2017, 61: 26–39
Sun B B, Zhang S R, Cui W, Deng M J, Wang C. Nonlinear dynamic response and damage analysis of hydraulic arched tunnels subjected to P waves with arbitrary incoming angles. Computers and Geotechnics, 2020, 118: 103358
Baffet D, Bielak J, Givoli D, Hagstrom T, Rabinovich D. Longtime stable high-order absorbing boundary conditions for elastodynamics. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 241–244: 20–37
Haskell N A. The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1953, 43(1): 17–34
Thomson W T. Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified soil medium. Journal of Applied Physics, 1950, 21(2): 89–93
Kausel E. Thin-layer method: Formulation in the time domain. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1994, 37(6): 927–941
Kausel E, Roësset J M. Stiffness matrices for layered soils. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1981, 71(6): 1743–1761
Bielak J, Loukakis K, Hisada Y, Yoshimura C. Domain reduction method for three-dimensional earthquake modeling in localized regions, part I: Theory. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2): 817–824
Zhang W, Seylabi E E, Taciroglu E. An ABAQUS toolbox for soil-structure interaction analysis. Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, 114: 103143
Zhang W, Taciroglu E. 3D time-domain nonlinear analysis of soil-structure systems subjected to obliquely incident SV waves in layered soil media. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2021, 50(8): 2156–2173
Semblat J F, Lenti L, Gandomzadeh A. A simple multi-directional absorbing layer method to simulate elastic wave propagation in unbounded domains. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2011, 85(12): 1543–1563
Abaqus. Version 6.11. Paris: Dassault Systemes Simulia Corporation. 2011
Mazzoni S, McKenna F, Scott M H, Fenves G L. OpenSees Command Language Manual. 2006
Miao Y, He H J, Liu H B, Wang S Y. Reproducing ground response using in-situ soil dynamic parameters. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2022, 51(10): 2449–2465
Wang S Y, Zhuang H Y, Zhang H, He H J, Jiang W P, Yao E L, Ruan B, Wu Y X, Miao Y. Near-surface softening and healing in eastern Honshu associated with the 2011 magnitude-9 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 1215
Elgamal A, Yang Z H, Parra E, Ragheb A. Modeling of cyclic mobility in saturated cohesionless soils. International Journal of Plasticity, 2003, 19(6): 883–905
Newmark N M. A method of computation for structural dynamics. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1959, 85(3): 67–94
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41922059, 42177134, and 51778487), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (300102262506), and Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendices for
11709_2022_904_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
A numerical framework for underground structures in layered ground under inclined P-SV waves using stiffness matrix and domain reduction methods
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Y., Yu, H., Yuan, Y. et al. A numerical framework for underground structures in layered ground under inclined P-SV waves using stiffness matrix and domain reduction methods. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 17, 10–24 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0904-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0904-3