Abstract
In recent years, the investigation of quick, efficient, and green method of metal nanoparticles synthesis has gained considerable importance in various dimensions of nanotechnology. But there are certain limitations to this emerging interest assize, morphology, and bioactivity of nanoparticles produced through green synthesis often varies greatly corresponding to the specific condition of metallic precursor and reducing agent. Current study intends to explore optimum condition like concentration of metallic precursor, plant extract (PLX), their volumetric ratio during biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) using aqueous extracts of mature tea leaves which is basically a waste product with no commercial importance and generally discarded after pruning of young leaves and buds. The study also deals with the characterization of nanoparticles synthesized at optimized condition, investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant propensity of the same. The optimal reactant concentration for biosynthesis of FeNPs was claimed to be10 mM FeCl3, 100 mg/mL plant extract and volumetric ratio of FeCl3:PLX = 10:1. The FeNPs obtained through this route had a spherical to irregular morphology with crystalline nature, average TEM and hydrodynamic size of 13.09 and 75.25 nm, respectively, having a zeta potential value of + 46.2 mV indicating strong stability. Synthesized FeNPs was found to be effective against wide range of soil microbes with highest activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) than gram-positive bacteria. Biosynthesized nanoparticles showed dose dependent antioxidant activity against all the tested parameters with highest against DPPH and least active against nitric oxide.
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Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article. In addition, the related datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- FeNPs:
-
Iron oxide nanoparticles
- PLX:
-
Plant extracts
- mM:
-
Millimolar
- mV:
-
Millivolt
- PDI:
-
Polydispersity index
- nm:
-
Nanometer
- Min:
-
Minute
- g:
-
Gram
- L:
-
Liter
- FEG-SEM:
-
Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction analysis
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy
- DLS:
-
Dynamic light scattering
- DPPH:
-
2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- ABTS:
-
2, 2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- µL:
-
Microliter
- mL:
-
Milliliter
- mg:
-
Milligram
- CFU:
-
Colony forming unit
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank SAIF, IIT Bombay and STIC, Cochin University of Science and Technology for assisting while conducting different instrumental analysis.
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The author would like to thank Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, India for financial assistance, Project Grant Number: [(263(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-65/2017)].
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First author (MSH) has conducted the overall experiment except antimicrobial potentiality assessment, carry out antioxidant test, analyzed the data and primarily drafted the manuscript. Second author (DD) supervised the antimicrobial work, performed software analysis for post processing of instrumental data. Third author (SG) assisted while performing process variation work, performed antimicrobial test against microbes. Corresponding author (PM) conceptualized the work, help in reviewing and revising the manuscript and data.
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Haydar, M.S., Das, D., Ghosh, S. et al. Implementation of mature tea leaves extract in bioinspired synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles: preparation, process optimization, characterization, and assessment of therapeutic potential. Chem. Pap. 76, 491–514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01872-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01872-9