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Chemical characterization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. seeds and safety evaluation of its fatty oil

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Abstract

One of the reasons for “underutilization” of the tropical legume winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is the presence of certain anti-nutrients in its seeds. This may be one of the impediments for the adoption and routine cultivation of this plant. The natural-variation of P. tetragonolobus manifests in its seed-coat colour. The present paper characterizes and evaluates the physico-chemical properties of the seed-oil extracted from white, light-brown, dark-brown seeds of P. tetragonolobus. The refined seed-oils of these lines are suitable and comparable with soybean seed-oil. Additionally, as compared to soybean oil, the oil of P. tetragonolobus is thermally stable due to the presence of saturated (21.2–22.7%), monounsaturated (39.3–40.2%) and polyunsaturated (37.0–38.2%) fatty acids. Variation in acid value (0.4 to 0.6 mg/g), free fatty acid (0.2–0.3%), saponification value (172.2–173.5 mg/g), iodine value (118.9–121.5 g/100 g), refractive index (1.44–1.48) and density (0.91–0.92) was reported upon analysis. Safety evaluation of this refined oil on 4-weeks feeding trial on albino mice revealed non-significant changes in terms of body weight, organ weight, haematological and serum biochemical changes. Furthermore, the seed-cake of P. tetragonolobus contained proteins to a range of (34.7–35.6%), carbohydrates (21.4–23.1%), polyphenols (0.45–0.49%), L-DOPA (0.35–0.38%) and phytic acid (0.18–0.2%). These values are closely comparable with the soybean seed-cake.

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Acknowledgements

Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India is acknowledged for financially supporting this project under the scheme “Bioresources and sustainable livelihoods of North east India” (BT/01/17/NE/TAX). Authors are thankful to Ms. Rashi Tewari for help in HPLC analysis and Ms. Naziya Syed thankful to Department of Science and Technology (DST), India for INSPIRE Fellowship (IF: 180344).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India

    Chandra Sekhar Mohanty, Sagar Prasad Nayak & Kunwar Sarvendra

  2. Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India

    Naziya Syed, Deepak Kumar, Chandan Singh Chanotiya & Prasant Kumar Rout

  3. Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India

    Sonam Khare & Anirban Pal

  4. Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India

    Rojalin Pattanayak

  5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Chandra Sekhar Mohanty, Naziya Syed, Deepak Kumar, Sonam Khare, Sagar Prasad Nayak, Kunwar Sarvendra, Anirban Pal, Chandan Singh Chanotiya & Prasant Kumar Rout

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  1. Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
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Mohanty, C.S., Syed, N., Kumar, D. et al. Chemical characterization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. seeds and safety evaluation of its fatty oil. Food Measure 15, 807–816 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00680-1

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