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Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Nepeta (Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad)

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Abstract

Ultrasonication technology was utilized for extraction of effective components from Nepeta (Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad). Response surface methodology was employed in order for investigation the effects of independent process variables (ultrasonic extraction time (UET, min): 5, 10 and 15 min, ultrasound amplitude (UA, %): 20, 60 and 100%, ultrasonic extraction temperature (UEC, °C): 25, 35 and 45 °C and ultrasonic duty cycle (UDC, %): 20, 60 and 100%) on the yield (Y), total phenolic compounds (TPC), half maximal of radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (IC50) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) of ethanolic Nepeta extract. According to Derringer’s desired function approach, the optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all process variables were UET 15 min, UA 60%, UEC 25 °C and UDC 60%. At this optimum condition, the Y, TPC, IC50 and FRAP of the ultrasound-assisted extract (USx) were found to 10.93%, 402.63 mg GA/kg, 0.33 mg/mL and 2838.34 µmol Fe2+/kg, respectively which were well matched with the predicted values. The evaluation of antioxidant activity (IC50 and FRAP) indicates that the phenolic compounds from Nepeta possess significant antioxidant activity. Also, HPLC analysis revealed that at optimal condition of UAE, the quantity of caffeic acid (85.71%), rutin (3550%) and rosemarinic acid (468.62%) in extract increased in comparison with conventional method (solvent extraction).

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Abbreviations

UAE:

Ultrasound assisted extraction

FCD:

Face-centered experimental design

RSM:

Response surface methodology

Y:

Yield

TPC:

Total phenolic compounds

DPPH:

Radical scavenging activity of DPPH

FRAP:

Ferric reducing-antioxidant power

IC50 :

50% of Radical-scavenging Activity

UA:

Ultrasonic amplitude

UET:

Ultrasonic exposure time

UEC:

Ultrasonic extraction temperature

UDC:

Ultrasonic duty cycle USx

SOx:

Ultrasound-assisted extract solvent extract

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science & Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran

    Afsaneh Azimi Mahalleh

  2. Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, PoBox: 488, Mashhad, Iran

    Parvin Sharayei & Elham Azarpazhooh

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Correspondence to Parvin Sharayei.

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Afsaneh Azimi Mahalleh, Parvin Sharayei, and Elham Azarpazhooh declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Azimi Mahalleh, A., Sharayei, P. & Azarpazhooh, E. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Nepeta (Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad). Food Measure 14, 668–678 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00314-1

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