Abstract
In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted from Argel leaves using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The extraction parameters (sonication temperature, time, and ethanol concentration) were optimized using a response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design), in order to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of Argel leaf extracts (ALEs). The phenolic compounds of the ALEs obtained under optimized conditions were also identified. The optimum UAE conditions for achieving maximum TPC (72.27 g gallic acid equivalents kg−1 DW) and DPPH scavenging activity (86.15%) were a 60 °C temperature, a 37.07 min duration, and a 39.14% ethanol concentration. Under these conditions, the experimental values of TPC and DPPH scavenging activity were 73.02 g GAE kg−1 and 85.56%, respectively, which agreed with the predicted values. In addition, the major phenolic acids found in ALEs under the optimized extraction conditions were sinapic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated the suitability of UAE and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions of bioactive compounds from ALEs.
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Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research group number RG‐1439‐080. We thank Professor Alan Carne (Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand), Professor Abu ElGasim A Yagoub (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia), and RSSU (Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia) for the assistance in proof reading and English editing of this manuscript.
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Mohamed Ahmed, I.A., Al-Juhaimi, F., Adisa, A.R. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from Argel (Solenostemma argel Hayne) leaves using response surface methodology (RSM). J Food Sci Technol 57, 3071–3080 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04340-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04340-6