Abstract
In this work, we investigate a novel testing method for fatigue testing of a thin sheet under fully reversed conditions. Specifically, the fatigue behavior of thin-plate AA6082-T6 was characterized by laminating multiple thin gage specimens together to form a thicker specimen to prevent buckling under low-cycle fatigue testing. In this unique technique, ASTM E606 fatigue specimens were bonded together with a structural adhesive in double and triple laminates, and fatigue behavior was compared against monolithic control specimens. To quantify the fatigue behavior of the laminated AA6082, strain-controlled experiments were conducted, where the fatigue life experimental results exhibited comparable fatigue performance to the published literature. Postmortem analysis of the laminated AA6082 revealed a similar fatigue nucleation and crack growth damage mechanisms compared to the monolithic fatigue specimens. Lastly, a microstructure-sensitive fatigue life model was utilized to elucidate structure–property fatigue mechanism relations of the monolithic, double-, and triple-laminate specimens. The fatigue behavior of laminated specimens exhibits good correlation to wrought AA6082-T6 mechanical properties and thus suggests that laminating sheets together can be used to quantify fully reversed fatigue behavior of thin sheets that would otherwise buckle under compression loading.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Venukumar, S. Muthukumaran, S.G. Yalagi, S.V. Kailas, Failure modes and fatigue behavior of conventional and refilled friction stir spot welds in AA 6061-T6 sheets. Int. J. Fatigue 61, 93 (2014)
Y. Takahashi, T. Shikama, S. Yoshihara, T. Aiura, H. Noguchi, Study on dominant mechanism of high-cycle fatigue life in 6061-T6 aluminum alloy through microanalyses of microstructurally small cracks. Acta Mater. 60, 2554 (2012)
H.Z. Ding, H. Biermann, O. Hartmann, A low cycle fatigue model of a short-fibre reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy metal matrix composite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62, 2189 (2002)
M. Tiryakioǧlu, P.D. Eason, J. Campbell, Fatigue life of ablation-cast 6061-T6 components. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559, 447 (2013)
L. Susmel, N. Petrone, Modeling of path-dependent multi-axial fatigue damage in aluminum alloys. Eur. Struct. Integr. Soc. 31, 83 (2003)
A. Karolczuk, M. Kurek, T. Łagoda, Fatigue life of aluminium alloy 6082 T6 under constant and variable amplitude bending with torsion. J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 53, 421 (2015)
M. Maj, K. Pietrzak, Characteristics of non-ferrous metal alloys as determined by low-cycle fatigue test under variable loads. Arch. Found. Eng. 14, 71 (2014)
N. Kumar, S. Goel, R. Jayaganthan, G.M. Owolabi, The influence of metallurgical factors on low cycle fatigue behavior of ultra-fine grained 6082 Al alloy. Int. J. Fatigue 110, 130 (2018)
A.S. Ribeiro, A.M.P. De Jesus, Study of strengthening solutions for glued-laminated wood beams of maritime pine wood. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 2738 (2009)
L.P. Borrego, L.M. Abreu, J.M. Costa, J.M. Ferreira, Analysis of low cycle fatigue in AlMgSi aluminium alloys. Eng. Fail. Anal. 11, 715 (2004)
K. Molski, G. Glinka, A method of elasticplastic stress and strain calculation at a notch root. Mater. Sci. Eng. 50, 93 (1981)
H. Neuberm, Theory of stress concentration for shear-strained prismatical bodies with arbitrary nonlinear stress-strain law. J. Appl. Mech. 28, 544–550 (1961)
R.I. Stephens, A. Fatemi, R.R. Stephens, H.O. Fuchs, Metal Fatigue in Engineering (Wiley, Berlin, 2000)
G.P. Zhang, C.A. Volkert, R. Schwaiger, R. Mönig, O. Kraft, Fatigue and thermal fatigue damage analysis of thin metal films. Microelectron. Reliab. 47, 2007 (2007)
L.H. Rettberg, J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, J.W. Jones, Low-cycle fatigue behavior of die-cast Mg alloys AZ91 and AM60. Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 43, 2260 (2012)
R. Kaufman, T. Lam, A. Thompson, T. Topper, Fatigue testing of sheet metals subject to uniaxial tension-compression. SAE Tech. Pap. (2001)
Y. Birol, E. Gokcil, M.A. Guvenc, S. Akdi, Processing of high strength EN AW 6082 forgings without a solution heat treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 674, 25 (2016)
N.A. Alang, N.A. Razak, A.K. Miskam, Effect of surface roughness on fatigue life of notched carbon steel. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 11, 160 (2011)
D.L. Mcdowell, Multiaxial small fatigue crack growth in metals. Int. J. Fatigue 19, 127 (1998)
D.L. McDowell, An engineering model for propagation of small cracks in fatigue. Eng. Fract. Mech. 56, 357 (1997)
D.L. McDowell, K. Gall, M.F. Horstemeyer, J. Fan, Microstructure-based fatigue modeling of cast A356-T6 alloy. Eng. Fract. Mech. 70, 49 (2003)
R.R. McCullough, J.B. Jordon, A.T. Brammer, K. Manigandan, T.S. Srivatsan, P.G. Allison, T.W. Rushing, A fatigue model for discontinuous particulate-reinforced aluminum alloy composite: influence of microstructure. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 65 (2014)
Y. Xue, D.L. McDowell, M.F. Horstemeyer, M.H. Dale, J.B. Jordon, Microstructure-based multistage fatigue modeling of aluminum alloy 7075-T651. Eng. Fract. Mech. 74, 2810 (2007)
R.I. Rodriguez, J.B. Jordon, P.G. Allison, T. Rushing, L. Garcia, Low-cycle fatigue of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 654, 236 (2016)
Y. Xue, C.L. Burton, M.F. Horstemeyer, D.L. McDowell, J.T. Berry, Microstructure-based multistage fatigue modeling of aluminum alloy 7075-T651. Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process Metall. Mater. Process. Sci. 38, 601 (2007)
R.R. McCullough, J.B. Jordon, P.G. Allison, T. Rushing, L. Garcia, Fatigue crack nucleation and small crack growth in an extruded 6061 aluminum alloy. Int. J. Fatigue 119, 52 (2019)
A.R. Cisko, J.B. Jordon, D.Z. Avery, Z.B. McClelland, T. Liu, T.W. Rushing, L.N. Brewer, P.G. Allison, L. Garcia, Characterization of fatigue behavior of Al–Li alloy 2099. Mater. Charact. 151, 496 (2019)
A. Cisko, J. Jordon, D. Avery, T. Liu, L. Brewer, P. Allison, R. Carino, Y. Hammi, T. Rushing, L. Garcia, A.R. Cisko, J.B. Jordon, D.Z. Avery, T. Liu, L.N. Brewer, P.G. Allison, R.L. Carino, Y. Hammi, T.W. Rushing, L. Garcia, Experiments and modeling of fatigue behavior of friction stir welded aluminum lithium alloy. Metals (Basel) 9, 293 (2019)
M. Lugo, J.B. Jordon, J. Bernard, M. Horstemeyer, Microstructure-sensitive fatigue modeling of an extruded AM30 magnesium alloy. SAE Tech. Pap. 2013-01-0980 (2013)
J.D. Bernard, J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, H.E. Kadiri, J. Baird, D. Lamb, A.A. Luo, Structure–property relations of cyclic damage in a wrought magnesium alloy. Scr. Mater. 63, 751 (2010)
J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, S.R. Daniewicz, H. Badarinarayan, J. Grantham, Fatigue characterization and modeling of friction stir spot welds in magnesium AZ31 alloy. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 132, 041008 (2010)
J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, Microstructure-sensitive fatigue modeling of AISI 4140 steel. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 136, 021004 (2014)
L.H. Rettberg, J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, J.W. Jones, Low-cycle fatigue behavior of die-cast Mg alloys AZ91 and AM60. A. Trans 43, 2260 (2012)
M. Lugo, J.B. Jordon, K.N. Solanki, L.G. Hector, J.D. Bernard, A.A. Luo, M.F. Horstemeyer, Role of different material processing methods on the fatigue behavior of an AZ31 magnesium alloy. Int. J. Fatigue 52, 131 (2013)
J.B. Jordon, J.B. Gibson, M.F. Horstemeyer, Effect of twinning, slip, and inclusions on the fatigue anisotropy of extrusion-textured AZ61 magnesium alloy. Magnes. Technol. 2011, 55 (2011)
P.G. Allison, Y. Hammi, J.B. Jordon, M.F. Horstemeyer, Modelling and experimental study of fatigue of powder metal steel (FC-0205). Powder Metall. 56, 388 (2013)
Y. Xue, A. Pascu, M.F. Horstemeyer, L. Wang, P.T. Wang, Microporosity effects on cyclic plasticity and fatigue of LENSTM-processed steel. Acta Mater. 58, 4029 (2010)
B. Torries, A. Imandoust, S. Beretta, S. Shao, N. Shamsaei, Overview on microstructure-and defect-sensitive fatigue modeling of additively manufactured materials. JOM 70, 1853 (2018)
D.R. Hayhurst, F.A. Leckie, McDow, The application of uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA) methodologies to engineering models and mechanical experiments, in Multiaxial fatigue—STP853 (1985), pp. 553–558
D.W. Brown, A. Jain, S.R. Agnew, B. Clausen, Twinning and detwinning during cyclic deformation of Mg alloy AZ31B. Mater. Sci. Forum 539–543, 3407 (2007)
G. Mrówka-Nowotnik, J. Sieniawski, Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6005 and 6082 aluminium alloys. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 162–163, 367 (2005)
J. Bouquerel, B. Diawara, A. Dubois, M. Dubar, J.B. Vogt, D. Najjar, Investigations of the microstructural response to a cold forging process of the 6082-T6 alloy. Mater. Des. 68, 245 (2015)
A. Decroly, J.P. Petitjean, Study of the deposition of cerium oxide by conversion on to aluminium alloys. Surf. Coatings Technol. 194, 1 (2005)
D.H. Lee, J.H. Park, S.W. Nam, Enhancement of mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys by means of manganese dispersoids. Mater. Sci. Technol. 15, 450 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Avery, D.Z., King, W.T., Allison, P.G. et al. Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Thin-Sheet Extruded Aluminum Alloy. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 20, 95–105 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00802-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00802-3