Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Annealing Before Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, in order to improve the elongation of Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy after aging, annealing treatment was introduced before aging. The alloy billet was subjected to 2 passes of cyclic expansion–extrusion with an asymmetrical cavity (CEE-AEC), then annealed and aged. Static recrystallization occurred during annealing, and the microstructure was refined. After annealing, the elongation of the sample reached the maximum, which is 7.4%, and the peak aging lagged due to dislocation consumption. Compared with the direct aging samples with the lowest elongation, aging after annealing could obtain more comprehensive mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was 362 MPa, and the elongation was 2.1%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. X.W. Zheng, P. Luo, J. Dong and S. Wang, The Effect of Casting Speed on Microstructure, Microsegregation, and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2019, 28, p 1753–1761.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.P. Fan, Q.M. Peng, J.L. Pan, G.L. Bi and B.Z. Liu, Strengthening Precipitate, Thermal Stability, and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Spun Mg-8Gd-3Nd Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23, p 250–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Chen, Z.Y. Chen, J.B. Shao, R.K. Wang, L.H. Mao and C.M. Liu, Evolution of LPSO Phases in a Mg-Zn-Y-Gd-Zr Alloy During Semi-Continuous Casting, Homogenization and Hot Extrusion, Mater. Des., 2018, 152, p 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Chino, M. Mabuchi, S. Hagiwara, H. Iwasaki, A. Yamamoto and H. Tsubakino, Novel Equilibrium Two Phase Mg Alloy With the Long-Period Ordered Structure, Scr. Mater., 2004, 51, p 711–714.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Itoi, T. Seimiya, Y. Kawamura and M. Hirohashi, Long Period Stacking Structures Observed in Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy, Scr. Mater., 2004, 51, p 107–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.C. Li, Z.L. He, P.H. Fu, Y.J. Wu, L.M. Peng and W.J. Ding, Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of a High-strength cast Mg-Gd-Zn alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 651, p 745–752.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Gao, R.S. Chen and E.H. Han, Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanisms of a Cast Mg-1.48Gd-1.13Y-0.16Zr (at.%) Alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 2009, 44, p 4443–4454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.F. Wang, P.F. Song, S. Huang and F.S. Pan, High-Strength and Good-Ductility Mg-RE-Zn-Mn Magnesium Alloy With Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phase, Mater. Lett., 2013, 93, p 415–418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. W.T. Sun, X.G. Qiao, M.Y. Zheng, Y. He, N. Hu, C. Xu, N. Gao and M.J. Starink, Exceptional Grain Refinement in a Mg Alloy During High Pressure Torsion Due to Rare Earth Containing Nanosized Precipitates, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 728, p 115–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Liu, H. Huang, X.W. Yang, C. Li, J.L. Yan, J.H. Jiang and A.B. Ma, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a High-strength Mg–10Gd–6Y–1.5Zn–0.5Zr Alloy Prepared by Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing, J. Magnes. Alloys, 2017, 5, p 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Liu, J. Ju, J. Bai, J.P. Sun, D. Song, J.L. Yan, J.H. Jiang and A.B. Ma, Preparation, Microstructure Evolutions, and Mechanical Property of an Ultra-Fine Grained Mg-10Gd-4Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr Alloy, Metals, 2017, 7(10), p 398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Liu, J. Ju, F.M. Lu, J.L. Yan, J. Bai, J.H. Jiang and A.B. Ma, Dynamic Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Property of an Mg94Y4Zn2 Alloy Prepared by Multi-Pass Successive Equal Channel Angular Pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 682, p 255–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Liu, Z.J. Cheng, K. Yan, J.L. Yan, J. Bai, J.H. Jiang and A.B. Ma, Effect of Multi-Pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Heterogeneous Mg88Y8Zn4 Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32, p 1274–1281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Amani and G. Faraji, Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Processed via Cyclic Expansion Extrusion, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2018, 25(6), p 672–681.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.Z. Meng, J.M. Yu, K. Liu, H.S. Yu, F. Zhang, Y.J. Wu, Z.M. Zhang, N.N. Luo and H.H. Wang, The Evolution of Long-period Stacking Ordered Phase and its Effect On Dynamic Recrystallization in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy Processed by Repetitive Upsetting-Extrusion, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 828, 154454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Z.M. Yan, Z.M. Zhang, X.B. Li, J. Xu, Q. Wang, G.S. Zhang, J. Zheng, H.Z. Fan, K.H. Xu, J.X. Zhu and Y. Xue, A Novel Severe Plastic Deformation Method and its Effect on Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 822, 153698.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Wu, F.S. Pan, R.J. Cheng and S.Q. Luo, Effect of Morphology of Long Period Stacking Ordered Phase on Mechanical Properties of Mg-10Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 726, p 64–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Xiao, G.Y. Yang, H. Qin, J.Q. Ma and W.Q. Jie, Microstructure Evolution and Quench Sensitivity Characterizations of Mg-9.5Gd-0.9Zn-0.5Zr Alloy, Vacuum, 2020, 181, p 109651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. X.W. Xue, Q. Wang, X.Q. Song, Z.M. Yan, J. Zheng, C. Gao, C.H. Yin and Y. Xue, Influence of a Novel SPD Technique Together With Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Characteristics and Hardness of Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr Alloys, Mater. Res. Express, 2020, 7, p 126518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Zhang, W.C. Liu, X.Y. Gu, C. Lu, G.Y. Yuan and W.J. Ding, Effect of Solid Solution and Aging Treatments on the Microstructures Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-14Gd-3Y-1.8Zn-0.5Zr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 557, p 91–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. X.S. Xia, K. Zhang, M.L. Ma and T. Li, Microstructures and Strengthening Mechanisms of Mg-8.2Gd-4.6Y-1.5Zn-0.4Zr Alloy Containing LPSO, β’and γ Type Phases, J. Rare Earths, 2020, 38, p 1119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S.Z. Wu, T. Nakata, G.Z. Tang, C. Xua, X.J. Wang, X.W. Li, X.G. Qiao, M.Y. Zheng, L. Geng, S. Kamado and G.H. Fan, Effect of Forced-air Cooling on the Microstructure and Age-Hardening Response of Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy Full With LPSO Lamella, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 73, p 66–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. X.Z. Jin, W.C. Xu, D.B. Shan, B. Guo and B.C. Jin, Mechanism of High-Strength and Ductility of Mg-RE Alloy Fabricated by Low-temperature Extrusion and Aging Treatment, Mater. Des., 2021, 199, 109384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y.X. Liu, Y.X. Li, Q.C. Zhu, H. Zhang, X.X. Qi, J.H. Wang, P.P. Jin and X.Q. Zeng, Twin Recrystallization Mechanisms in a High Strain Rate Compressed Mg-Zn Alloy, J. Magnes. Alloys, 2021, 9, p 499–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.S.A. Shaha, D. Wu, R.S. Chen and G.S. Song, Static Recrystallization Behavior of Multi-Directional Impact Forged Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 805, p 189–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. L.Y. Sheng, B.N. Du, Z.Y. Hu, Y.X. Qiao, Z.P. Xiao, B.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, Y.F. Zheng and T.F. Xi, Effects of Annealing Treatment on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of the Mg-Zn-Y-Nd Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 8, p 601–613.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.X. Xiao, Z.Y. Chen, J.B. Shao, T. Chen, X. Lin and C.M. Liu, Evolution of Long-Period Stacking Ordered Phases and Their Effect on Recrystallization in Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy During Annealing, Mater. Charact., 2020, 167, p 110515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Zheng, Z.M. Yan, J.M. Yu, Z.M. Zhang, H.Z. Fan, K.H. Xu and Y. Xue, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy by Cyclic Expansion-Extrusion With an Asymmetrical Extrusion Cavity (CEE-AEC), Mater. Res. Express, 2019, 6, p 10658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. X.J. Zhou, C.M. Liu, Y.H. Gao, S. Jiang, W.H. Liu and L.W. Lu, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloys Filled With Intragranular LPSO Phases, Mater. Charact., 2018, 135, p 76–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Z. Yu, C. Xu, J. Meng, X.H. Zhang and S. Kamado, Effects of Pre-Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of as-Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 729, p 627–637.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Zheng, Z. Chen, Z.M. Yan, Z.M. Zhang and Y. Xue, An Alternating Ageing-Annealing Process for Enhancing Strength and Ductility of a Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2021, 828, p 142103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. Zheng, Z. Chen, Z.Z. Yan, Z.M. Zhang, Q. Wang and Y. Xue, Preparation of Ultra-High Strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy by Pre-Ageing Treatment Prior to Extrusion, J. Alloys Compd., 2022, 894, p 162490.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Y.Q. Chi, C. Xu, X.G. Qiao and M.Y. Zheng, Effect of trace zinc on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 789, p 416–427.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Han, H.M. Chen, Q.H. Zang, Y.X. Qian, H.W. Cui, L. Wang, J. Zhang and Y.X. Jin, Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Mg-6Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.6Zr alloy, Mater. Charact., 2020, 163, p 110295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D.X. Zhang, Z. Tan, Q.H. Huo, Z.Y. Xiao, Z.W. Fang and X.Y. Yang, Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy With Different Morphologies and Distributions of LPSO Phases, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 715, p 389–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. C. Xua, M.Y. Zhenga, S.W. Xu, K. Wu, E.D. Wang, G.H. Fan, S. Kamado, X.D. Liu, G.J. Wang and X.Y. Lv, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy Sheets Processed by Combined Processes of Extrusion, Hot Rolling and Ageing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 559, p 844–851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Esmaeilpour, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, N. Eftekhari, H.R. Abedi and M.R. Ghandehari Ferdowsi, Strain Induced Transformation, Dynamic Recrystallization and Texture Evolution During Hot Compression of an Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 778, p 139021.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. B. Li, B.G. Teng and G.X. Chen, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy During Equal Channel Angular Pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 744, p 396–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. L. Li, J. Wu, Y.Z. Wu and N.D. Nam, Effect of Static Annealing on Microstructure and Texture in Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2016, 45(9), p 2263–2268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. C. Xua, M.Y. Zheng, K. Wu, E.D. Wang, G.H. Fan, S.W. Xu, S. Kamado, X.D. Liu, G.J. Wang and X.Y. Lv, Effect of Ageing Treatment on the Precipitation Behaviour of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 550, p 50–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. X.J. Zhou, W.Y. Xiong, G. Zeng, H.C. Xiao, J. Zhang, X.Z. Lu and X.M. Chen, Combined Effects of LPSO Orientation and α-Mg Texture on Tensile Anisotropy of an Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2021, 805, p 140596.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. X.J. Zhou, Y. Yao, J. Zhang, X.M. Chen, W.Y. Huang, J. Pan, H.R. Wang and M.P. Weng, A High-Performance Mg-4.9Gd-3.2Y-1.1Zn-0.5Zr Alloy via Multidirectional Forging After Analyzing its Compression Behavior, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 70, p 156–167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Z.J. Yu, Y.D. Huang, C.L. Mendis, N. Hort and J. Meng, Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–1 1Gd–4.5Y–1Nd–1.5Zn–0.5Zr alloy Prepared via Pre-ageing and hot Extrusion, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 624, p 23–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. K. Wang, X.X. Dou, J.F. Wang, Y.D. Huang, S. Gavras, N. Hort, S.J. Liu, H. Hu, J.X. Wang and F.S. Pan, Achieving Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn Alloy by Altering Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior via Pre-ageing Treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 790, p 139635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Z.Y. Xue, Y.J. Ren, W.B. Luo, R.P. Zheng and C. Xu, Effect of Aging Treatment on the Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26, p 5963–5972.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. T. Honma, T. Ohkubo, S. Kamado and K. Hono, Effect of Zn Additions on the Age-Hardening of Mg–2.0Gd-1.2Y-0.2Zr Alloys, Acta Mater., 2007, 55, p 4137–4150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J.H. He, L. Jin, F.H. Wang, S. Dong and J. Dong, Mechanical Properties of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with Bimodal grain size Distributions, J. Magnes. Alloys, 2017, 5, p 423–429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. X.Z. Jin, W.C. Xu, Z.Z. Yang, C. Yuan, D.B. Shan, B.G. Teng and B.C. Jin, Analysis of Abnormal Texture Formation and Strengthening Mechanism in an Extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 45, p 133–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52075501) and High Performance Magnesium Alloy XXX Multidirectional Extrusion Forming Technology (JCKY2018408B003).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China

    Chao Liu, Liang Liu, Jie Zheng, Zhaoming Yan, Zhimin Zhang, Qiang Wang, Xubin Li & Yong Xue

Authors
  1. Chao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jie Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhaoming Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhimin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Qiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xubin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yong Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yong Xue.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors were involved in the study. The authors declare that there is no competitive economic interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, C., Liu, L., Zheng, J. et al. Effect of Annealing Before Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 9829–9838 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07022-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07022-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation