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Effect of the Coke/Flake Graphite Ratio on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Based Powder Metallurgy Friction Materials

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Abstract

The effect of the coke and flake graphite ratio (C/F ratio) on the microstructure formation and properties of Cu-based friction materials was investigated. The density, hardness, friction coefficient, braking properties of the Cu-based friction materials with different C/F ratios were tested. The microstructures, wear morphology, and frictional subsurface of the Cu-based friction materials were characterized by SEM. With the increase in coke content, the proportion of flake graphite with long strips shape decreased, and the coke with clump shape increased. The density of Cu-based friction material decreased continuously with the increase in the C/F ratio. The hardness of the Cu-based friction material decreased first and then increased gradually with the increase in the C/F ratio. With the increase in C/F ratio, the friction coefficient increased, and the wear loss decreased. Moreover, during the braking process, the surface temperature of the Cu-based friction materials first increased and then decreased, and the braking time decreased first and then increased with the increase in C/F ratio. The wear mechanism of the Cu-based friction materials was abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and oxidative wear. The failure of the Cr-Fe particles was oxidation, crushing, and wear. Relatively, the Cu-based friction material with C/F ratio of 7/2 had high friction coefficient, low wear loss, low surface temperature during braking, and low braking time, which indicated better combination braking properties.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province in China (Grants No: 222300420584), Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province (YJS2021AL026), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No: U1904175), the Young Teachers Training Program of Henan Province Higher Education Institutions (Grant No: 2018GGJS090), Zhengzhou Major Science and Technology Innovation Project (Grant No: 2019CXZX0065).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5, Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Jianglei Fan, Ningge Wang & Yuanfeng Hao

  2. Henan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Materials Processing and Testing, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Jianglei Fan, Shen Wu, Yan Wang & Jianxiu Liu

  3. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao Wang

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  1. Jianglei Fan
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Fan, J., Wang, N., Wang, X. et al. Effect of the Coke/Flake Graphite Ratio on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Based Powder Metallurgy Friction Materials. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 10378–10392 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06998-9

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