Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Rolling Parameters on Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Al/Mg/Al Laminated Composites

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of rolling parameters on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Al/Mg/Al laminated composites was investigated. The results showed that the development of microstructure through the thickness of Al and Mg layers was inhomogeneous. The surface layer of Al possessed the highest hardness, and it decreased as the measured position moved from the surface layer toward the interface of Al/Mg. At the center of Mg layer, the volume fraction of recrystallized grains increased with increasing rolling reduction and temperature, while the fully dynamic recrystallization occurred at the interface of Mg layer. The surface and center of Al layer exhibited stronger r-cube and γ-fiber shear textures compared to the interface layer. The tensile strength of the Al/Mg/Al laminated composites increased with increasing rolling reduction and decreasing rolling temperature, whereas the elongation decreased. The bonding strength increased with increasing rolling reduction. With increasing rolling temperature, the bonding strength increased to a maximum value at 450 °C and then decreased.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

taken from the peeling surfaces of (a and c) Al and (b and d) Mg sides in the Al/Mg/Al laminated composites fabricated at different rolling temperatures and reductions

Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Wadsworth and D.R. Lesuer, Ancient and Modern Laminated Composites-from the Great Pyramid of Gizeh to Y2K, Mater. Charact., 2000, 45, p 289–313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H.S. Liu, B. Zhang and G.P. Zhang, Enhanced Toughness and Fatigue Strength of Cold Roll Bonded Cu/Cu Laminated Composites with Mechanical Contrast, Scripta Mater., 2011, 65, p 891–894.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. W.A. Spitzig, A.R. Pelton and F.C. Laabs, Characterization of the Strength and Microstructure of Heavily Cold Worked Cu-Nb Composites, Acta Metall., 1987, 35, p 2427–2442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Ma, P. Huo, W.C. Liu, G.J. Wang and D.M. Wang, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Ti/Al Laminated Composites Prepared by Roll Bonding, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 636, p 301–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Movahedi, A.H. Kokabi and S.M.S. Reihani, Investigation on the Bond Strength of Al-1100/St-12 Roll Bonded Sheets, Optimization and Characterization, Mater. Des., 2011, 32, p 3143–3149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. X.B. Li, G.Y. Zu, M.M. Ding, Y.L. Mu and P. Wang, Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Al clad Sheet Fabricated by Asymmetrical Roll Bonding and Annealing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, 529, p 485–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Heness, R. Wuhrer and W.Y. Yeung, Interfacial Strength Development of Roll-Bonded Aluminium/copper Metal Laminates, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, 483, p 740–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Chang, M.Y. Zheng, C. Xu, G.D. Fan, H.G. Brokmeier and K. Wu, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Mg/Al Multilayer Fabricated by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) at Ambient Temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2012, 543, p 249–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Wu, H. Chang, E. Maawad, W.M. Gan, H.G. Brokmeier and M.Y. Zheng, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Mg/Al Laminated Composite Fabricated by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB), Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, 527, p 3073–3078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. X. Qiao, X. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, M. Zheng, I.S. Golovin and M.J. Starink, Intermetallics Formed at Interface of Ultrafine Grained Al/Mg bi-layered Disks Processed by High Pressure Torsion at Room Temperature, Mater. Lett., 2016, 181, p 187–190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L.M. Zhao and Z.D. Zhang, Effect of Zn alloy Interlayer on Interface Microstructure and Strength of Diffusion-Bonded Mg-Al Joints, Scripta Mater., 2008, 58, p 283–286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Mahendran, V. Balasubramanian and T. Senthilvelan, Developing Diffusion Bonding Windows for Joining AZ31B Magnesium-AA2024 Aluminium Alloys, Mater. Des., 2009, 30, p 1240–1244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Xu, Y.Y. Cui, Y.L. Hao and R. Yang, Growth of Intermetallic Layer in Multi-Laminated Ti/Al Diffusion Couples, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2006, 435, p 638–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. X.P. Zhang, T.H. Yang, S. Castagne and J.T. Wang, Microstructure; Bonding Strength and Thickness Ratio of Al/Mg/Al Alloy Laminated Composites Prepared by Hot Rolling, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, 528, p 1954–1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. X.B. Liu, R.S. Chen and E.H. Han, Preliminary Investigations on the Mg-Al-Zn/Al Laminated Composite Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, p 4675–4681.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y.B. Yan, Z.W. Zhang, W. Shen, J.H. Wang, L.K. Zhang and B.A. Chin, Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium AZ31B-Aluminum 7075 Explosively Welded Composite Plate, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, 527, p 2241–2245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G.Y. Li, W.M. Jiang, W.C. Yang, Z.L. Jiang, F. Guan, H.X. Jiang and Z.T. Fan, New Insights into the Characterization and Formation of the Interface of A356/AZ91D Bimetallic Composites Fabricated by Compound Casting, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2019, 50, p 1076–1090.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Zhang, W.M. Jiang, G.Y. Li, J.L. Wang, F. Guan, G.L. Jie and Z.T. Fan, Effect of La on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Al/Mg Bimetallic Interface Manufactured by Compound Casting, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 105, p 214–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y.C. Chen and K. Nakata, Friction Stir Lap Joining Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys, Scripta Mater., 2008, 58, p 433–436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. X.P. Zhang, M.J. Tan, T.H. Yang, X.J. Xu and J.T. Wang, Bonding Strength of Al/Mg/Al Alloy Tri-Metallic Laminates Fabricated by Hot Rolling, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2011, 34, p 805–810.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Abbasi and S.A. Sajjadi, Mechanical Properties and Interface Evaluation of Al/AZ31 Multilayer Composites Produced by ARB at Different Rolling Temperatures, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, 27, p 3508–3520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.D. Zhao, Z.M. Ding and Y. Chen, Crystallographic Orientations of Intermetallic Compounds of a Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processed Al/Mg Composite Materials, Mater. Charact., 2017, 128, p 156–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Wang and P.B. Prangnell, The Significance of Intermetallic Compounds formed during Interdiffusion in Aluminum and Magnesium Dissimilar Welds, Mater. Charact., 2017, 134, p 84–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G.Y. Li, W.M. Jiang, F. Guan, J.W. Zhu, Z. Zhang and Z.T. Fan, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of A356 Aluminum/AZ91D Magnesium Bimetal prepared by a Compound Casting Combined with a Novel Ni-Cu Composite Interlayer, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2021, 288, p 116874.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. X.P. Zhang, T.H. Yang, J.Q. Liu, X.F. Luo and J.T. Wang, Mechanical Properties of an Al/Mg/Al Trilaminated Composite Fabricated by Hot Rolling, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, p 3457–3464.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F.T. Kong, Y.Y. Chen and D.L. Zhang, Interfacial Microstructure and Shear Strength of Ti-6Al-4V/TiAl Laminate Composite Sheet Fabricated by Hot Packed Rolling, Mater. Des., 2011, 32, p 3167–3172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H.J. Bunge, Texture Analysis in Materials Science, Vol 11 Butterworths, London, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.C. Liu and J.G. Morris, Comparison of the Texture Evolution in Cold Rolled DC and SC AA 5182 Aluminum Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2003, 339, p 183–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. W.C. Liu and J.G. Morris, Quantitative Analysis of Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled, Continuous-Cast AA 5xxx-Series Aluminum Alloys, Metall. and Mater. Trans. A., 2004, 35, p 265–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Macwan, X.Q. Jiang, C. Li and D.L. Chen, Effect of Annealing on Interface Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Rolled Al/Mg/Al tri-layer Clad Sheets, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2013, 587, p 344–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.W. Tang, L. Chen, G.Q. Zhao, C.S. Zhang and J.Q. Yu, Study on Al/Mg/Al Sheet Fabricated by Combination of Porthole die Co-Extrusion and Subsequent Hot Rolling, J. Alloy. Compd., 2019, 784, p 727–738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Movahedi, H.R. Madaah-Hosseini and A.H. Kokabi, The Influence of Roll Bonding Parameters on the Bond Strength of Al-3003/Zn Soldering Sheets, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, 487, p 417–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R. Jamaati and M.R. Toroghinejad, Investigation of the Parameters of the Cold Roll Bonding (CRB) Process, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, 527, p 2320–2326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. H.D. Manesh and A.K. Taheri, The Effect of Annealing Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Clad Steel Sheet, Mater. Des., 2003, 24, p 617–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Truszkowski, J. Król and B. Major, Inhomogeneity of Rolling Texture in f.c.c Metals, Metall. Trans. A, 1980, 11, p 749–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. W. Truszkowski, J. Król and B. Major, On Penetration of Shear Texture into the Rolled Aluminum and Copper, Metall. Trans. A, 1982, 13, p 665–669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B. Major, Texture, Microstructure, and Stored Energy Inhomogeneity in Cold Rolled Commercial Purity Aluminium and Copper, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992, 8, p 510–515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C.H. Choi, J.W. Kwon, K.H. Oh and D.N. Lee, Analysis of Deformation Texture Inhomogeneity and Stability Condition of Shear Components in f.c.c Metals, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, p 5119–5128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. O. Engler, C.N. Tomé and M.Y. Huh, A Study of Through-Thickness Texture Gradients in Rolled Sheets, Metall. and Mater. Trans. A., 2000, 31, p 2299–2315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. C.G. Kang, H.G. Kang, H.C. Kim, M.Y. Huh and H.G. Suk, Formation of Shear Texture Components during Hot Rolling of AA 1050, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 187, p 542–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Hölscher, D. Raabe and K. Lücke, Relationship Between Rolling Textures and Shear Textures in f.c.c and bcc Metals, Acta Metall. Et Mater., 1994, 42, p 879–886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. O.V. Mishin, B. Bay, G. Winther and D.J. Jensen, The Effect of Roll Gap Geometry on Microstructure in Cold-Rolled Aluminum, Acta Mater., 2004, 52, p 5761–5770.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. H.P. Yang, Y.H. Sha, F. Zhang and L. Zuo, Through-Thickness Shear Strain Control in Cold Rolled Silicon Steel by the Coupling Effect of Roll Gap Geometry and Friction, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210, p 1545–1550.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. O.V. Mishin, B. Bay and D.J. Jensen, Through-Thickness Texture Gradients in Cold-Rolled Aluminum, Metall. and Mater. Trans. A., 2000, 31, p 1653–1662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H.O. Asbeck and H. Mecking, Influence of Friction and Geometry of Deformation on Texture Inhomogeneities during Rolling of Cu Single Crystals as an Example, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1978, 34, p 111–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R.E. Bauer, H. Mecking and K. Lücke, Textures of Copper Single Crystals after Rolling at Room Temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1977, 27, p 163–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. H.P. Kneijnsberg, C.A. Verbraak and M.J. Ten Bouwhuijs, Determination of Texture Distributions in Inhomogeneously Rolled Al Single Crystals using a Topographical X-Ray method, Acta Metall., 1985, 33, p 1759–1767.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J.K. Kim, Y.K. Jee, M.Y. Huh and H.T. Jeong, Formation of Textures and Microstructures in Asymmetrically Cold Rolled and Subsequently Annealed Aluminum Alloy 1100 Sheets, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39, p 5365–5369.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. C.S. Lee and B.J. Duggan, A Simple Theory for the Development of Inhomogeneous Rolling Extures, Metall. Trans. A, 1991, 22, p 2637–2643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. O.V. Mishin, D.J. Jensen and N. Hansen, Evolution of Microstructure and Texture during Annealing of Aluminum AA1050 Cold Rolled to High and Ultrahigh Strains, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2010, 41, p 2936–2948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. M. Eizadjou, H.D. Manesh and K. Janghorban, Investigation of Roll Bonding between Aluminum Alloy Strips, Mater. Des., 2008, 29, p 909–913.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. H. Yan and J.G. Lenard, A Study of Warm and Cold Roll-Bonding of an Aluminium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2004, 385, p 419–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. X.K. Peng, G. Heness and W.Y. Yeung, Effect of Rolling Temperature on Interface and Bond Strength Development of Roll Bonded Copper/Aluminium Metal Laminates, J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, p 277–281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52001274).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People’s Republic of China

    H. Y. Sun, D. H. Zhang, M. Ma, J. X. Zhang & W. C. Liu

  2. Sinosteel Xingtai Machinery & Mill Roll Co., LTD, Xingtai, People’s Republic of China

    D. H. Zhang

  3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People’s Republic of China

    M. Ma

  4. College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People’s Republic of China

    J. X. Zhang

Authors
  1. H. Y. Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. H. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. X. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. C. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to J. X. Zhang or W. C. Liu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, H.Y., Zhang, D.H., Ma, M. et al. Effect of Rolling Parameters on Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Al/Mg/Al Laminated Composites. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 7624–7640 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06777-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06777-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation