Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Ferritic Steel Through Powder Forging

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are candidates for cladding tubes in fast breeder nuclear reactors. In this study, an 18%Cr ODS ferritic steel was prepared through powder forging route. Elemental powders with a nominal composition of Fe-18Cr-2 W-0.2Ti (composition in wt.%) with 0 and 0.35% yttria were prepared by mechanical alloying in a Simoloyer attritor under argon atmosphere. The alloyed powders were heated in a mild steel can to 1473 K under flowing hydrogen atmosphere. The can was then hot forged. Steps of sealing, degassing and evacuation are eliminated by using powder forging. Heating ODS powder in hydrogen atmosphere ensures good bonding between alloy powders. A dense ODS alloy with an attractive combination of strength and ductility was obtained after re-forging. On testing at 973 K, a loss in ductility was observed in yttria-containing alloy. The strength and ductility increased with increase in strain rate at 973 K. Reasons for this are discussed. The ODS alloy exhibited a recrystallized microstructure which is difficult to achieve by extrusion. No prior particle boundaries were observed after forging. The forged compacts exhibited isotropic mechanical properties. It is suggested that powder forging may offer several advantages over the traditional extrusion/HIP routes for fabrication of ODS alloys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K.L. Murty and I. Charit, Structural Materials for Gen-IV Nuclear Reactors: Challenges and Opportunities, J. Nucl. Mater., 2008, 383, p 189–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B. Raj, Materials Science Research for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2009, 32(3), p 271–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Jayakumar, M.D. Mathew, K. Laha, and R. Sandhya, Materials Development for Fast Reactor Applications, Nucl. Eng. Des., 2013, 265, p 1175–1180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M.A. Sokolov, D.T. Hoelzer, R.E. Stoller, and D.A. McClintock, Fracture Toughness and Tensile Properties of Nano-Structured Ferritic Steel 12YWT, J. Nucl. Mater., 2007, 367–370, p 213–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.J. Fischer, Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Alloy for Use in Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRS), U.S. Patent 4,075,010, 1978

  6. S. Ukai and M. Fujiwara, Perspective of ODS Alloys Application in Nuclear Environments, J. Nucl. Mater., 2002, 307–311, p 749–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Hoffmann, M. Rieth, R. Lindau, M. Klimenkov, A. Möslang, and H.R.Z. Sandim, Investigation on Different Oxides as Candidates for Nano-Sized ODS Particles in Reduced-Activation Ferritic (RAF) Steels, J. Nucl. Mater., 2013, 442, p 444–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Schäublin, A. Ramar, N. Baluc, V. de Castro, M.A. Monge, T. Leguey, N. Schmid, and C. Bonjour, Microstructural Development Under Irradiation in European ODS Ferritic/Martensitic Steels, J. Nucl. Mater., 2006, 351, p 247–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Ramar and R. Schäublin, Analysis of Hardening Limits of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2013, 432, p 323–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Praud, F. Mompiou, J. Malaplate, D. Caillard, J. Garnier, A. Steckmeyer, and B. Fournier, Study of the Deformation Mechanisms in a Fe-14% Cr ODS Alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 428, p 90–97

    Google Scholar 

  11. L. Toualbi, C. Cayron, P. Olier, J. Malaplate, M. Praud, M.H. Mathon, D. Bossu, E. Rouesne, A. Montani, R. Loge, and Y. De Carlan, Assessment of a New Fabrication Route for Fe-9Cr-1 W ODS Cladding Tubes, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 428, p 47–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Dade, J. Malaplate, J. Garnier, F. De Geuser, N. Lochet, and A. Deschamps, Influence of Consolidation Methods on the Recrystallization Kinetics of a Fe-14Cr Based ODS Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2016, 472, p 143–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Ukai, T. Nishida, H. Okada, T. Okuda, M. Fujiwara, and K. Asabe, Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steels for FBR Core Application (I), J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1997, 34(3), p 256–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Oksiuta, P. Kozikowski, M. Lewandowska, M. Ohnuma, K. Suresh, and K.J. Kurzydlowski, Microstructural Changes Upon Annealing in ODS-Strengthened Ultrafine Grained Ferritic Steel, J. Mater. Sci., 2013, 48, p 4620–4625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Z. Oksiuta, A. Ozieblo, K. Perkowski, M. Osuchowski, and M. Lewandowska, Influence of HIP Pressure on Tensile Properties of a 14Cr ODS Ferritic Steel, Fusion Eng. Des., 2014, 89, p 137–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Z. Oksiuta, M. Lewandowska, K. Kurzydlowski, and N. Baluc, Reduced Activation ODS Ferritic Steel Recent Development in High Speed Hot Extrusion Processing, Phys. Status Solidi A, 2010, 207(5), p 1128–1131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y.L. Chen, A.R. Jones, and U. Miller, Origin of Porosity in Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, 33A, p 2713–2718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Oksiuta, E.B. Courjault, and N. Baluc, Relation Between Microstructure and Charpy Impact Properties of An Elemental and Pre-alloyed 14Cr ODS Ferritic Steel Powder After Hot Isostatic Pressing, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45, p 3921–3930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. P. Dubuisson, Y. de Carlan, V. Garat, and M. Blat, ODS Ferritic/Martensitic Alloys for Sodium Fast Reactor Fuel Pin Cladding, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 428, p 6–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. de Carlan, J.-L. Bechade, P. Dubuisson, J.-L. Seran, P. Billot, A. Bougault, T. Cozzika, S. Doriot, D. Hamon, J. Henry, M. Ratti, N. Lochet, D. Nunes, P. Olier, T. Leblond, and M.H. Mathon, CEA Developments of New Ferritic ODS Alloys for Nuclear Applications, J. Nucl. Mater., 2009, 386–388, p 430–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. U. Prakash and V. Dabhade, A Process for Powder Forging of Metals/Alloys to Obtain Full Density Products, Indian Patent Application No. 3270/DEL/2015, 12 Oct 2015.

  22. H. Sakasegawa, S. Ukai, M. Tamura, S. Ohtsuka, H. Tanigawa, H. Ogiwara, A. Kohyama, and M. Fujiwara, Creep Constitutive Equation of Dual Phase 9Cr-ODS Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2008, 373, p 82–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R.L. Klueh, J.P. Shingledecker, R.W. Swindeman, and D.T. Hoelzer, Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steels: A Comparison of Some Commercial and Experimental Alloys, J. Nucl. Mater., 2005, 341, p 103–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. U. Prakash, T. Raghu, S.V. Kamat, and A.A. Gokhale, The Effect of Mg Addition on Microstructure and Tensile and Stress Rupture Properties of a P/M Al-Fe-Ce Alloy, Scripta Mater., 1998, 39(7), p 867–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. U. Prakash, T. Raghu, A.A. Gokhale, and S.V. Kamat, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of RSP/M Al-Fe-V-Si and Al-Fe-Ce Alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, p 5061–5065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Inoue, T. Kaito, and S. Ohtsuka, Research and Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steels for Sodium Cooled Fast Breeder Reactors Fuels, Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems, V. Ghetta, D. Gorse, D. Mazière, and V. Pontikis, Ed., Springer, Berlin, 2008, p 311–325

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Steckmeyer, V.H. Rodrigo, J.M. Gentzbittel, V. Rabeau, and B. Fournier, Tensile Anisotropy and Creep Properties of a Fe-14CrWTi ODS Ferritic Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 426, p 182–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J.H. Lee, Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steels With and Without Aluminum, Front. Energy, 2012, 6(1), p 29–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Q.X. Sun, Q.F. Fang, Y. Zhou, Y.P. Xia, T. Zhang, X.P. Wang, and C.S. Liu, Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Steel Prepared by Chemical Reduction and Mechanical Milling, J. Nucl. Mater., 2013, 439, p 103–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Li, Z. Zhou, J. Jang, M. Wang, H. Hu, H. Sun, L. Zou, G. Zhang, and L. Zhang, The Influence of Cr Content on the Mechanical Properties of ODS Ferritic Steels, J. Nucl. Mater., 2014, 455, p 194–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Chauhan, D. Litvinov, and J. Aktaa, High Temperature Tensile Properties and Fracture Characteristics of Bimodal 12Cr-ODS Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2016, 468, p 1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Steckmeyer, M. Praud, B. Fournier, J. Malaplate, J. Garnier, J.L. Béchade, I. Tournié, A. Tancray, A. Bougault, and P. Bonnaillie, Tensile Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of a 14Cr ODS Ferritic Steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2010, 405, p 95–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J.H. Kim, T.S. Byun, D.T. Hoelzer, C.H. Park, J.T. Yeom, and J.K. Hong, Temperature Dependence of Strengthening Mechanisms in the Nanostructured Ferritic Alloy 14YWT: Part II-Mechanistic Models and Predictions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 559, p 111–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research work was supported by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) (Grant No. 2010/36/68-BRNS).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, I.I.T-Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Deepak Kumar, Ujjwal Prakash & Vikram V. Dabhade

  2. Mechanical Metallurgy Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, 603102, India

    K. Laha & T. Sakthivel

Authors
  1. Deepak Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ujjwal Prakash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vikram V. Dabhade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Laha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T. Sakthivel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ujjwal Prakash.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, D., Prakash, U., Dabhade, V.V. et al. Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Ferritic Steel Through Powder Forging. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 26, 1817–1824 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2573-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2573-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation