Charpy impact tests on three kinds of as-soldered U-notch specimens were performed with reference to the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standard E23-07 by using a pendulum-type impact tester at room temperature. Three kinds of solders, conventional Sn-37Pb, Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu, and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu doped with rare-earth (RE) elements, were selected to fabricate the joint specimens for the impact test. The three joints demonstrate similar impact toughness values, with averages of 11.4 kJ/m2, 10.4 kJ/m2, and 11.0 kJ/m2, respectively. Under observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Sn-37Pb joint exhibited mainly ductile fracture morphology. Fractographic observations of lead-free joints exhibited a mixture of ductile and brittle morphologies. The addition of RE elements resulted in an impact toughness that was slightly higher than that of the Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloy. The impact toughness and the fracture mode were notably dependent on the type of solder. Additionally, the thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer had a remarkable influence on the fracture path and impact toughness of the solder joints.
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Acknowledgements
The present work was performed under the financial support of the National 863 Hi-Tech Scheme (No. 2002AA322040) and the key program for the 11th Five-Year Plan (No. 2006BAE03B02) of the China Department of Science and Technology. The authors would like to thank Ph. D. David Hallett for his assistance in grammar revision.
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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0551-z
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Zhang, N., Shi, Y., Xia, Z. et al. Comparison of Impact Toughness and Fracture Morphologies Between Pb-Containing and Pb-Free Solder Joints Subject to the Charpy Impact Test. J. Electron. Mater. 37, 1631–1639 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0506-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0506-4