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Reducibility Optimization and Reaction Mechanism of High-Chromium Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Flux Pellets

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Abstract

High-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (HVTM) is an exceptional iron source that has not been mined on a large scale. Since using flux pellets facilitates the reduction in emissions and consumption, a reasonable way to utilize HVTM is by smelting it into flux pellets in a blast furnace. This study elucidates the reducibility and reaction mechanism of HVTM flux pellets. The reducibility, phase composition, and morphology were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy spectroscopy analysis (EDS). The influence of basicity on the reduction reaction mechanism was also analyzed, and 30 pct of conventional iron concentrate was added to optimize the reduction performance of pure HVTM flux pellets. The pellets were treated at 900 °C for 180 minutes in a reducing atmosphere of 30 pct CO+70 pct N2. When the basicity (CaO/SiO2) increased from 0.2 to 1.8, the reduction degree of pure HVTM pellets (100 pct HVTM pellets) increased from 60.3 to 85.3 pct. Meanwhile, the reduction degree of HVTM pellets comprising 30 pct conventional iron concentrate (70 pct HVTM pellets) increased from 63.1 to 89.5 pct. The post-reduction compressive strength of 100 pct HVTM pellets decreased from 965.8 to 223.8 N; the post-reduction compressive strength of 70 pct HVTM pellets first decreased from 1454.6 to 223.0 N and then increased to 630.9 N. Moreover, 70 pct HVTM pellets exhibited better reducibility and higher post-reduction compressive strength and could meet the blast furnace standards when the basicity exceeded 1.6 owing to the low TiO2 content and an appropriate amount of liquid phase. The reaction mechanism of 100 pct HVTM pellets was first controlled by the random nucleation and subsequent growth model as well as the two-dimensional diffusion model. However, after increasing the basicity, the reaction mechanism was only characterized by the random nucleation and subsequent growth model.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174277 and 52204309).

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern University, School of Metallurgy, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, P.R. China

    Bojian Chen, Tao Jiang, Jing Wen & Lin Li

  2. Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P.R. China

    Tao Jiang

  3. Liaoning Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Sensor and Technology, Shenyang, 110819, P.R. China

    Tao Jiang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization Panzhihua, Sichuan, P.R. China

    Fengxiang Zhu, Peng Hu & Jiating Rao

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  1. Bojian Chen
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Chen, B., Jiang, T., Wen, J. et al. Reducibility Optimization and Reaction Mechanism of High-Chromium Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Flux Pellets. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 2503–2518 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02851-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02851-z

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