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Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in Linepipe Steels

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Abstract

The characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and modification of inclusions in linepipe steel plates were investigated in the present work. The deoxidation products, Al2O3 inclusions, were modified into deformable calcium aluminate inclusions by calcium treatment in order to efficiently prevent nozzle clogging. The effect of sulfur content on the morphological characteristics and chemical composition of inclusions by calcium treatment were analyzed by extracting inclusions from steel matrix using non-aqueous electrolyte and automatic scanning electron microscopy connects with energy-dispersive spectrometer. The evaluation of the effect of calcium treatment was proposed using the 3D morphology of inclusions. Meanwhile, the modification and control of inclusions in the linepipe steel were studied by thermodynamic calculation on calcium treatment with the strategy of reducing the size of inclusions before calcium treatment, and controlling the contents of [Al], [Ca], and total oxygen in a reasonable narrow range during calcium treatment. The modification and transformation process of alumina inclusions was revealed as Al2O3 → MgO-Al2O3 → CaO-MgO-Al2O3-CaS (after calcium treatment) → CaO-Al2O3-CaS. A kind of high-melting MgO-Al2O3 core was wrapped by the low-melting component of CaO-Al2O3 indicating an incomplete reduction of MgO and Al2O3 by calcium.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support from the National Science Foundation China (Grant Nos. 51274034, 51334002, and 51404019), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals (GREM), the Laboratory of Green Process Metallurgy and Modeling (GPM2), and the High Quality Steel Consortium (HQSC) at the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering at University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Xuewei Zhang (Ph.D Candidate), Lifeng Zhang (Professor), Wen Yang (Lecturer), Yi Wang (Lecturer) & Yang Liu (Ph.D Candidate)

  2. School of Metallurgical Engineering, An-hui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, An-hui, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanchi Dong (Professor)

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  1. Xuewei Zhang
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  2. Lifeng Zhang
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  3. Wen Yang
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  4. Yi Wang
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  5. Yang Liu
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Correspondence to Lifeng Zhang.

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Manuscript submitted March 19, 2016.

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Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Yang, W. et al. Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in Linepipe Steels. Metall Mater Trans B 48, 701–712 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0833-4

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