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Influence of Molybdenum on Rapid Solidification Microstructure and Microsegregation in Primary Ferrite Solidified Stainless Steel

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Abstract

Due to the widespread use and familiarity of austenitic stainless steels (SS) in many industries these alloys are often the first materials used when adapting new processing techniques. The rapid cooling and solidification rates that occur during fusion based additive manufacturing processes like powder bed fusion cause a fundamental shift in the solidification behavior of the material. While the effects that Cr and Ni have on the microstructure have been fairly well documented across a range of solidification conditions, the impact of alloying elements like Mo are not as well understood at rapid solidification rates. For this study, four custom SS alloy feedstocks were made with targeted modification of the Cr and Mo concentrations to maintain a constant Cr/Nieq ratio of ~ 1.7. Two-piston splat quenching was used to produce rapidly solidified samples and the solidification mode, phase, and cell size were investigated. Solidification rates were estimated to be between 0.4 and 1.5 m/s. A comparison of the microsegregation and partitioning behavior of Cr, Ni and Mo in ferrite solidified material was also performed for the different alloy compositions. Variations of the Mo concentration between each feedstock showed no measurable influence on the solidification/cooling rates, solidification morphology, or the partitioning of Mo. However, higher concentrations of Mo were found to significantly increase the amount of ferrite phase in the microstructure by suppressing the ferrite to austenite massive transformation.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies under Contract No. DE-NA0002839 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. No resources from Woodward Inc. or Chevron were used to perform the work reported or for the creation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Zachary Arthur Hasenbusch, Greyson Harvill, Katherine Ziska, Laurentiu Nastac & Luke N. Brewer

  2. Kansas City National Security Campus, Kansas City, MO, 64147, USA

    Andrew Deal & Ben Brown

  3. Woodward Inc, 5001 N. 2nd Street, Loves Park, IL, 61111, USA

    Zachary Arthur Hasenbusch

  4. 250 Industrial Road, Pascagoula, MS, 39581, USA

    Katherine Ziska

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Hasenbusch, Z.A., Harvill, G., Ziska, K. et al. Influence of Molybdenum on Rapid Solidification Microstructure and Microsegregation in Primary Ferrite Solidified Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 54, 4834–4849 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07206-6

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