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On the Thermal Stability of Dislocation Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steels: Roles of Heavy Element Segregation and Stacking Fault Energy

  • Additive Manufacturing for Energy Applications
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Abstract

The thermal stability of dislocation cellular structures in three additively manufactured (AM) austenitic stainless steels (SSs), 316L SS, 304L SS, and Al modified 316L SS (316L(Al)), were studied. Minor alloying elements, Mo and Al, were found affecting the stability of the cellular structures in AM austenitic SS, resulting in a stability ranking of AM 316L SS > AM 304L SS > AM 316L(Al) SS. As a result, their abilities towards recrystallization also differed. Owing to the high stacking fault energy (SFE) due to Al addition, AM 316L(Al) SS had the least stable subgrain cellular structure and exhibited the lowest recovery temperature. Although 316L SS possessed slightly higher SFE than 304L SS, the pinning effect due to Mo segregation at the cellular walls in AM 316L SS significantly enhanced its thermal stability. While the low-SFE AM 316L SS and AM 304L SS recovered their cellular structures via the equiaxed cell growth, the dislocation cellular walls in high-SFE AM 316L(Al) SS continuously vanished along a preferred direction. The fast recovery of cellular structures led to recrystallization retardation. The Hall–Petch model was found incapable of correlating cell size to strength because of the continuous weakening of cellular walls during heat treatment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was primarily sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Contract NIST-70NANB18H220. TEM characterization was supported by the Idaho National Laboratory’s Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 and US Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies (NEET) Program under the Contract DE-NE0008428. DL and YZ gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the startup funding from the University of Nevada Reno.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Pu Deng, Houshang Yin, Barton C. Prorok & Xiaoyuan Lou

  2. Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Miao Song

  3. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA

    Dian Li & Yufeng Zheng

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  1. Pu Deng
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Correspondence to Xiaoyuan Lou.

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Deng, P., Yin, H., Song, M. et al. On the Thermal Stability of Dislocation Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steels: Roles of Heavy Element Segregation and Stacking Fault Energy. JOM 72, 4232–4243 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04427-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04427-7

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