Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evidence of Homogeneous Microstructures in Ti6Al4V Alloy During Shear Deformation

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Free-end torsion tests were conducted for Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy at temperatures of 298 K, 673 K, and 873 K for different strains ranging from 0.22 to 0.99. The microstructure and texture evolution as a function of torsional deformation have been investigated in the present study. A near-equiaxed homogeneous microstructure was observed after deformation at all temperatures. However, the grains were observed to be aligned along the direction of shear stress at larger deformation strains. Dynamically recrystallized (DRX) grains were observed in the samples at higher deformation temperatures, and these were found to be significant at 873 K for strains > 0.66. Dynamic transformation of α → β was also observed during deformation at a temperature of 873 K. The initial fiber texture got rotated toward the ideal B fiber orientation, and reached at the ideal C2 fiber orientation after deformation for a maximum strain of 0.99. The deformation texture was further simulated through the Visco plastic self-consistent (VPSC) method, and it was found that the basal slip was the dominant deformation mode followed by prismatic and both pyramidal <c+a> I and II slip systems. The flow stress decreased with increase in the temperature of deformation, and a significant flow softening was observed during deformation at 873 K.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.R. Boyer: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1996, vol. 213, pp. 103–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Inagaki, Report No. 106, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal, Osaka city, Technical Report, July 2014.

  3. C. Leyens and M. Peters: Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. B.D. Bishoyi, R.K. Sabat, J. Sahu, and S.K. Sahoo: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, vol. 703, pp. 399–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Fan, W. Tian, Y. Guo, Z. Sun, and J. Xu: Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016, vol. 2016, pp. 1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.V. Zherebtsov, E.A. Kudryavtsev, G.A. Salishchev, B.B. Straumal, and S.L. Semiatin: Acta Mater., 2016, vol. 121, pp. 152–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Zhang, H. Li, and M. Zhan: Manuf. Rev., 2020, vol. 7, pp. 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  8. I. Weiss, F.H. Froes, D. Eylon, and G.E. Welsch: Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17, pp. 1935–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Seshacharyulu, S.C. Medeiros, W.G. Frazier, and Y.V.R.K. Prasad: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, vol. 325, pp. 112–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Gil Sevillano, P. Van Houtte, and E. Aernoudt: Prog. Mater. Sci., 1981, vol. 25, pp. 69–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S.C. Shrivastava, J.J. Jonas, and G. Canova: J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1982, vol. 30, pp. 75–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Montheillet, M. Cohen, and J.J. Jonas: Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 32, pp. 2077–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Pettersen and E. Nes: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2003, vol. 34A, pp. 2727–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Cakmak, H. Choo, K. An, and Y. Ren: Acta. Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 6703–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L.S. Tóth, J.J. Jonas, D. Daniel, and J.A. Bailey: Textures Microstruct., 1992, vol. 19, pp. 245–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Sanchez, A. Pochettino, T. Chauveau, and B. Bacroix: J. Nucl. Mater., 2001, vol. 298, pp. 329–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Biswas, B. Beausir, L.S. Toth, and S. Suwas: Acta Mater., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 5263–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Xiao, Z. Yang, J. Li, and Y. Wan: Materials., 2021, vol. 14, p. 2067.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Chen, B. Song, N. Guo, T. Liu, T. Zhou, and J. He: Met. Mater. Int., 2019, vol. 25, pp. 147–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. X.Q. Guo, W. Wu, P.D. Wu, H. Qiao, K. An, and P.K. Liaw: Scr. Mater., 2013, vol. 69, pp. 319–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. B. Beausir, L.S. Tóth, F. Qods, and K.W. Neal: J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2009, vol. 131, pp. 0111081–01110815.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. N.P. Gurao and S. Suwas: Mater. Sci. Forum., 2012, vol. 702, pp. 826–9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Balasubramanian and L. Anand: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 133–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. ***

  25. H. Chen, F. Li, J. Liu, J. Li, X. Ma, and Q. Wan: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2017, vol. 48, pp. 2396–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Beausir, L.S. Tóth, and K.W. Neale: Acta Mater., 2007, vol. 55, pp. 2695–705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B. Guo, S.L. Semiatin, J.J. Jonas, and S. Yue: J. Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 53, pp. 9305–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. B. Guo, C. Aranas, A. Foul, X. Ji, A. Fall, M. Jahazi, and J.J. Jonas: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, vol. 729, pp. 119–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C.N. Tome and R.A. Lebensohn: VPSC Manual for Code Version 7c, National Laboratory L.A, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Zaefferer: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, vol. 344, pp. 20–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. G.R. Canova, U.F. Kocks, and J.J. Jonas: Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 32, pp. 211–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Lutjering and J. Williams: in: Titanium, 2nd ed. Springer, New York, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. Galan-Lopez, S. Naghdy, P. Verleysen, L. Kestens, F. Coghe, L. Rabet, and J. Degrieck: IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, vol. 82, pp. 233–345.

  34. M. Paghandeh, A. Zarei-Hanzaki, H.R. Abedi, Y. Vahidshad, J. Kawalko, D. Dietrich, and T. Lampke: J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2021, vol. 10, pp. 1291–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. R. K. Sabat, M.V.S.S.D.S.S. Pavan, D. S. Aakash, M. Kumar, and S. K. Sahoo: Philos. Mag., 2018, vol. 98, pp. 2562–2581.

  36. A. Nadai: Theory of Flow and Fracture, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  37. E.I. Poliak and J.J. Jonas: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 127–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. T. Seshacharyulu, S.C. Medeiros, J.T. Morgan, J.C. Malas, W.G. Frazier, and Y.V.R.K. Prasad: Scr. Mater., 1999, vol. 41, pp. 283–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y.V.R.K. Prasad and T. Seshacharyulu: Int. Mater. Rev., 1998, vol. 43, pp. 243–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. T. Furuhara, B. Poorganji, H. Abe, and T. Maki: JOM., 2007, vol. 59, pp. 64–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. L. Jin, D. Lin, D. Mao, X. Zeng, B. Chen, and W. Ding: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 423, pp. 247–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. T. Zhang, Y. Liu, D.G. Sanders, B. Liu, W. Zhang, and C. Zhou: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, vol. 608, pp. 265–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. H.S. Yang, G. Gurewitz, and A.K. Mukherjee: Mater. Trans. IIM, 1991, vol. 32, pp. 465–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Ding, Z.X. Guo, and A. Wilson: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, vol. 327, pp. 233–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H. Matsumoto, K. Yoshida, S.H. Lee, Y. Ono, and A. Chiba: Mater. Lett., 2013, vol. 98, pp. 209–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. K. Wang, G. Liu, W. Tao, J. Zhao, and K. Huang: Mater. Charact., 2017, vol. 126, pp. 57–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. X. Ji, B. Guo, F. Jiang, H. Yu, D. Fu, J. Teng, H. Zhang, and J.J. Jonas: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, vol. 36, pp. 160–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. N. Stanford and P.S. Bate: Acta Mater., 2004, vol. 52, pp. 5215–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. D. Bhattacharyya, G.B. Viswanathan, R. Denkenberger, D. Furrer, and H.L. Fraser: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 4679–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. I.J. Beyerlein, R.A. Lebensohn, and C.N. Tomé: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, vol. 345, pp. 122–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. G.G. Yapici and I. Karaman: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, vol. 503, pp. 78–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Suwas, B. Beausir, L.S. Tóth, J.J. Fundenberger: Acta Mater. 2011, 59:1121–1133.

  53. H. Li: Analysis of the deformation behavior of the hexagonal close packed alpha phase in titanium and titanium alloys, Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, United States, 2013.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Prof. S. Suwas, Dept. of Materials Engg., IISc Bangalore, for conducting torsion tests of the samples in his laboratory. The authors also thank Prof. I. Samajdar for conducting EBSD measurements of the samples in his laboratory, National Facility on OIM and Texture, at Dept. of Metallurgical Engg. and Materials Science, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai. The authors acknowledge the DST-FIST-supported XRD-Texture laboratory at Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Engg., NIT Rourkela, for bulk texture measurements of the samples.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India

    R. Vinjamuri, B. D. Bishoyi, M. Kumar & S. K. Sahoo

  2. School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India

    R. K. Sabat

Authors
  1. R. Vinjamuri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. D. Bishoyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. K. Sabat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. K. Sahoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. K. Sahoo.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vinjamuri, R., Bishoyi, B.D., Sabat, R.K. et al. Evidence of Homogeneous Microstructures in Ti6Al4V Alloy During Shear Deformation. Metall Mater Trans A 53, 2146–2162 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06657-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06657-7

Search

Navigation