Abstract
A two-step processing route for achieving isotropic tensile properties in laser solid formed (LSF) α+β titanium alloy is proposed. Titanium alloy parts containing equiaxed prior β grains and relative homogeneous α laths were obtained by adjusting the LSF processing parameters and the post heat treatment conditions, respectively. The microstructure and texture characteristics of the LSFed titanium alloy under different heat treatment conditions were investigated. The room temperature tensile tests were performed at various loaded angles with respect to the building direction. The results showed that the prior β grains are close to isotropic both in morphology and texture. The scale and volume fraction of the α laths vary with the heat treatment conditions. The tensile properties are anisotropic after the aging treatment, while the tensile properties are isotropic after the solution + aging treatments. The fracture surface and microstructure analysis indicated that the anisotropy in the tensile properties is directly related to the heterogeneous α laths in the aging-treated specimens. The isotropic tensile properties in the LSFed titanium alloys could be achieved by adopting the processing route proposed in the present study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Banerjee and J.C. Williams: Acta Mater., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 844–79.
2. Lütjering G, Williams JC (2007) Titanium. Springer, Berlin
W.D. Huang and X. Lin: Addit. Manuf., 2014, vol. 1, pp. 156–65.
F.C. Liu, X. Lin, C.P. Huang, M.H. Song, G.L. Yang, J. Chen, and W.D. Huang: J. Alloys Compd., 2011, vol. 509, pp. 4505–09.
Y.Z. Zhang, M.Z. Xi, S.Y. Gao and L.K. Shi: J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2003, vol. 142, pp. 582-85.
Y. Kok, X.P. Tan, P. Wang, M.L.S. Nai, N.H. Loh, E. Liu, and S.B. Tor: Mater. Des., 2018, vol. 139, pp.565-86.
J.J. Lewandowski and M. Seifi: Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 2016, vol. 46, pp. 151–86.
P.A. Kobryn, E.H. Moore, and S.L. Semiatin: Scr. Mater., 2000, vol. 43, pp. 299–305.
S.S. Al-Bermani, M.L. Blackmore, W. Zhang, and I. Todd: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2010, vol. 41, pp. 3422–34.
L.J Song, H. Xiao, J.Y. Ye and S.M. Li: Surf. Coat. Tech., 2016, vol. 307, pp. 761-71.
E. Brandl, F. Palm, V. Michailov, B. Viehweger, and C. Leyens: Mater. Des., 2011, vol. 32, pp. 4665–75.
B. Baufeld: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf., 2012, vol. 226, pp. 126–36.
S.M. Kelly and S.L. Kampe: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 1861–67.
S.M. Kelly and S.L. Kampe: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 1869–79.
Crespo: In Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer, (InTech: 2011), pp. 315-40.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.D. Huang: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2016, vol. 26, pp. 2058–66.
C.L. Qiu, N.J.E. Adkins, and M.M. Attallah: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 578, pp. 230–39.
W. Xu, M. Brandt, S. Sun, J. Elambasseril, Q. Liu, K. Latham, K. Xia, and M. Qian: Acta Mater, 2015, vol. 85, pp. 74–84.
B.E. Carroll, T.A. Palmer, and A.M. Beese: Acta Mater., 2015, vol. 87, pp. 309–20.
P.L. Blackwell and A. Wisbey: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, vol. 170, pp. 268–76.
A.E. Wilson-Heid, Z.Q. Wang, B. McCornac, and A.M. Beese: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, vol. 706, pp. 287–94.
T. Vilaro, C. Colin, and J.D. Bartout: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2011, vol. 42, pp. 3190–99.
C.L. Qiu, G.A. Ravi, C. Dance, A. Ranson, S. Dilworth, and M.M. Attallah: J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 629, pp. 351–61.
H. Galarraga, R.J. Warren, D.A. Lados, R.R. Dehoff, M.M. Kirka, and P. Nandwana: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, vol. 685, pp. 417–28.
S. Tammas-Williams, H. Zhao, F. Léonard, F. Derguti, I. Todd, and P.B. Prangnell: Mater. Charact., 2015, vol. 102, pp. 47–61.
M. Seifi, A. Salem, D. Satko, J. Shaffer, and J.J. Lewandowski: Int. J. Fatigue, 2017, vol. 94, pp. 263–87.
T. DebRoy, H.L. Wei, J.S. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J.W. Elmer, J.O. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, and W. Zhang: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2018, vol. 92, pp.112-224.
B. Vrancken, L. Thijs, J.-P. Kruth, and J. Van Humbeeck: J. Alloys Compd., 2012, vol. 541, pp. 177–85.
S.Y. Zhang, X. Lin, J. Chen, and W.D. Huang: Rare Met., 2009, vol. 28, pp. 537–44.
S.H. Mok, G. Bi, J. Folkes, I. Pashby, and J. Segal: Surf. Coatings Technol., 2008, vol. 202, pp. 4613–19.
Y.Z. Zhang, Y.Q. Zhao., H.L. Qu, H. Li, F. Liang, H.C. Guo, D.K. Huang: Chinese J. Rare Met., 2004, vol. 28, pp. 34–8.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, P.F. Guo, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.D. Huang: Mater. Des., 2015, vol. 88, pp. 550–57.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, Z. Zhao, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.D. Huang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 673, pp. 204–12.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Lin, H. Tan, and W.D. Huang: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, vol. 238, pp. 202–11.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, L.L. Wang, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.D. Huang: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, vol. 32, pp. 381–86.
Q. Zhang, J. Chen, H. Tan, X. Lin, and W.D. Huang: J. Alloys Compd., 2016, vol. 666, pp. 380–86.
F. Bachmann, R. Hielscher, and H. Schaeben: Solid State Phenom., 2010, vol. 160, pp. 63–8.
R. Hielscher and H. Schaeben: J. Appl. Cryst., 2008, vol. 41, pp. 1024–37.
S. Suwas and R.K. Ray: Crystallographic Texture of Materials, Springer London, London, 2014.
Z. Li, J. Li, Y.Y. Zhu, X.J. Tian, and H.M Wang: J. Alloys Compd., 2016, vol. 661, pp. 126–35.
C.Sauer and G. Luetjering: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, vol. 117, pp. 311–17.
S.C. Wang, M. Aindow, and M.J. Starink: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 2485–503.
S. Banumathy, R.K. Mandal, and A.K. Singh: J. Alloys Compd., 2010, vol. 500, pp. 26–30.
R.J. Bourcier, D.A. Koss, R.E. Smelser, and O. Richmond: Acta Metall., 1986, vol. 34, pp. 2443–53.
P. Kumar and K.S.R. Chandran: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2017, vol. 48, pp. 2301–19.
M.T. Jia, D.L. Zhang, J.M. Liang and B. Gabbitas: Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2017, vol. 48, pp. 2015-29.
R. Sarkar, A. Mukhopadhyay, P. Ghosal, T.K. Nandy, and K.K. Ray: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 2015, vol. 46, pp. 3516–27.
E.O. Hall: Proc. Phys. Soc. Sect. B, 1951, vol. 64, pp. 747–53.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Key Technologies R&D Program (2016YFB11000100), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 21618325) and the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (SKLSP201807).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Manuscript submitted 20 December, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Q., Chen, J., Qi, Z. et al. A Processing Route for Achieving Isotropic Tensile Properties in Laser Solid Formed α+β Titanium Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 3651–3662 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4695-z
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4695-z