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Tearing Resistance Properties of Cr-Mo Steels with Internal Hydrogen Determined by the Potential Drop Method

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Abstract

The tearing resistance, dJ/da, of conventional 2.25Cr-1Mo steels and a V-bearing steel (2.25Cr-1Mo-0.3V steel) with internal hydrogen was measured using the effective offset potential drop method. Internal hydrogen refers to test specimens that are precharged (thermally charged) prior to testing. In general, Cr-Mo steels, used widely in the refining and petrochemical industries, are susceptible to temper embrittlement. However, very few studies have dealt with the effects of hydrogen and temper embrittlement on the tearing resistance. Test specimens were prepared by subjecting them to normalizing, tempering, and post-weld heat treatments that simulated actual conditions. Some specimens were embrittled by step cooling. Hydrogen substantially reduced dJ/da for all samples except for that for the V-bearing steel, and temper embrittlement caused additional adverse effects on dJ/da for samples with internal hydrogen for which the temper embrittlement parameter, i.e., the J-factor, was large.

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Abbreviations

\( a_{(i)} \) :

Current crack length

\( a_{0} \) :

Initial fatigue precrack length

\( A \) :

Plane area due to material removal for machining integral knife edges shown in Figure 3

\( A_{0} \) :

Plane area of compact tension (CT) specimen shown in Figure 3

\( b_{(i)} \) :

Current uncracked ligament \( = W - a_{(i)} \)

B :

Specimen thickness

\( B_{N} \) :

Specimen net thickness

\( C(t,\,x,\,y) \) :

Hydrogen content at an arbitrary location at time t

\( C_{0} \) :

Initial hydrogen content

\( \bar{C} \) :

Average hydrogen content in an uncracked region of a CT specimen

\( \bar{C}^{A} \) :

Area-averaged hydrogen content in an uncracked region of a CT specimen

\( D \) :

Diffusivity of hydrogen

\( E \) :

Young’s modulus

2H :

Specimen height

\( J_{{a = a_{0} }} \) :

J-integral using an initial fatigue precrack length \( a_{0} \)

\( J_{0} \) :

Threshold fracture toughness, \( J_{{a = a_{0} }} \), at the onset of subcritical crack growth

\( J_{{ ( {\text{i)}}}} \) :

Current value of J-integral using the current crack length \( a_{(i)} \)

\( J_{\text{el(i)}} \, \) :

Current elastic component of \( J_{{ ( {\text{i)}}}} \)

\( J_{\text{pl(i)}} \, \) :

Current plastic component of \( J_{{ ( {\text{i)}}}} \)

JPVRC:

Japan Pressure Vessel Research Council

J-factor:

\( ( {\text{Pct}}\;{\text{Si}} + {\text{Pct}}\;{\text{Mn)}} \times ( {\text{Pct}}\;{\text{P}} + {\text{Pct}}\;{\text{Sn)}} \times 10^{4} \)

\( t \) :

Time (hour)

\( V \) :

Measured dc-potential drop (PD) voltage

\( V_{r} \) :

Reference crack dc-voltage

\( V_{\text{eff}} \) :

Effective dc-potential drop voltage

\( V_{{{\text{eff}},r}} \) :

Effective reference crack dc-voltage

\( W \) :

Specimen width

\( P_{(i)} \) :

Current load

\( Y \) :

Lead-out distance

\( \beta \) :

Arbitrary constant to Make the slope of the \( \xi \) vs \( J_{{a = a_{0} }} \) plot equal to zero

\( \nu \) :

Poisson’s ratio

\( v_{i} \) :

Current load-line displacement

\( v_{{{\text{pl}}(i)}} \) :

Plastic part of the load-line displacement

\( \xi \) :

Offset dc-potential drop

1/2T-CT:

Half size of 1T-CT specimen

1T-CT(1/2):

Half size of 1T-CT specimen, except for the 25.4-mm-thick sample

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25420006. The authors would like to thank the TG 8 subcommittee of JPVRC for their donation of specimens. We also would like to express our gratitude to Mr. N. Mukaimachi and Mr. S. Kanamaru of JGC Corporation for their assistance in finite element analysis modeling, and to Mr. S. Takagi, former graduate student at Ibaraki University, for his assistance during the preparation of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan

    Shinji Konosu (Professor Emeritus)

  2. Techno Staff Co., Ltd., 6-19, Aoki, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0057, Japan

    Hidenori Shimazu (Senior Principal Engineer)

  3. Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., 20-1 Miyuki, Otake, Hiroshima, 739-0693, Japan

    Ryohei Fukuda (Engineer)

Authors
  1. Shinji Konosu
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  2. Hidenori Shimazu
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  3. Ryohei Fukuda
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Correspondence to Shinji Konosu.

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Manuscript submitted August 28, 2014.

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Konosu, S., Shimazu, H. & Fukuda, R. Tearing Resistance Properties of Cr-Mo Steels with Internal Hydrogen Determined by the Potential Drop Method. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 5626–5637 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3145-4

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