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Containerless Undercooled Melts: Ordering, Nucleation, and Dendrite Growth

  • Symposium: ICASP-4 (International Conference on Advanced Solidification Processing)
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Abstract

Electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation are applied to containerless undercool and solidify metallic melts. A large undercooling range becomes accessible with the extra benefit that the freely suspended drop is accessible directly for in situ observation. The short-range order in undercooled melts is investigated by combining levitation with elastic neutron scattering and X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Muon Spin Rotation (µSR) experiments show magnetic ordering in deeply undercooled Co80Pd20 alloys. The onset of magnetic ordering stimulates nucleation. Results on nucleation undercooling of zirconium are presented showing the limit of maximum undercoolability set by the onset of homogeneous nucleation. Metastable phase diagrams are determined by applying energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction of Ni-V alloys with varying concentration. Nucleation is followed by crystal growth. Rapid dendrite growth velocity is measured on levitation-processed samples as a function of undercooling ∆T by using high-speed video camera technique. Solute trapping in dilute solid solutions and disorder trapping in intermetallic compounds are experimentally verified. Measurements of glass-forming Cu-Zr alloy show a maximum in the V(∆T) relation that is indicative for diffusion-controlled growth. The influence of convection on dendrite growth of Al50Ni50 is shown by comparative measurements of dendrite growth velocity on Earth and in reduced gravity. Eventually, faceting of a rough interface by convection is presented as observed on Ni2B alloys.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank former colleagues Oliver Heinen, Helena Hartmann, Dieter Platzek, and Thomas Schenk for excellent cooperation and fruitful discussions. Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within contracts HE1601/18, HE1601/21, HE1601/25, HE1601/26, DLR Space Agency within contract 50WM1140, and the European Space Agency within contract 15236/02/NL/SH is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Dieter M. Herlach (Full Professor in Physics, Group Leader)

  2. Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR, 51170, Köln, Germany

    Dieter M. Herlach (Full Professor in Physics, Group Leader), Sven Binder (Post-doctoral Researcher), Jan Gegner (Post-doctoral Researcher), Dirk Holland-Moritz (Post-doctoral Researcher), Stefan Klein (Post-doctoral Researcher), Matthias Kolbe (Post-doctoral Researcher) & Thomas Volkmann (Post-doctoral Researcher)

  3. Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany

    Peter Galenko (Lecturer, Post-doctoral Researcher)

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  1. Dieter M. Herlach
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Manuscript submitted September 10, 2014.

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Herlach, D.M., Binder, S., Galenko, P. et al. Containerless Undercooled Melts: Ordering, Nucleation, and Dendrite Growth. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 4921–4936 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3052-8

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