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Microstructure of Precipitation Hardenable Powder Metallurgical Ni Alloys Containing 35 to 45 pct Cr and 3.5 to 6 pct Nb

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Abstract

Ni-based alloys with high Cr contents are not only known for their excellent high temperature and hot corrosion resistance, but are also known for poor mechanical properties and difficult workability. Powder metallurgical (PM) manufacturing of alloys may overcome several of the shortcomings encountered in materials manufacturing involving solidification. In the present work, six PM Ni-based alloys containing 35 to 45 wt pct Cr and 3.5 to 6 wt pct Nb were produced and compacted via hot isostatic pressing. Samples were heat treated for up to 1656 hours at either 923 K or 973 K (650 °C or 700 °C), and the microstructures and mechanical properties were quantified and compared to thermodynamic calculations. For the majority of the investigated alloys, the high Cr and Nb contents caused development of primary populations of globular α-Cr and δ (Ni3Nb). Transmission electron microscopy of selected alloys confirmed the additional presence of metastable γ″ (Ni3Nb). A co-dependent growth morphology was found, where the preferred growth direction of γ″, the {001} planes of γ-Ni, caused precipitates of both α-Cr and δ to appear in the form of mutually perpendicular oriented disks or plates. Solution heat treatment at 1373 K (1100 °C) followed by aging at 973 K (700 °C) produced a significant strength increase for all alloys, and an aged yield strength of 990 MPa combined with an elongation of 21 pct is documented for Ni 40 wt pct Cr 3.5 wt pct Nb.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Flemming Bjerg Grumsen at the Technical University of Denmark, for production of TEM lamellae and TEM operation. Funding for this project was provided by MAN Diesel & Turbo SE and the Danish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MAN Diesel & Turbo SE, Teglholmsgade 41, 2450, Copenhagen SV, Denmark

    Uffe D. Bihlet (Research Engineer)

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 425, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark

    Kristian V. Dahl (Senior Researcher) & Marcel A. J. Somers (Professor)

Authors
  1. Uffe D. Bihlet
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  2. Kristian V. Dahl
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  3. Marcel A. J. Somers
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Correspondence to Uffe D. Bihlet.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted June 20, 2013.

Appendix

Appendix

See appendix Tables VI and VII

Table VI Volume Percentages (vol pct), Volumetric Particle Number Densities (Nv), and Corrected Average Radii of α-Cr precipitates (r 3D) One Outlier has been Removed from Values Marked with Asterisk due to Microscope-Related Brightness/Contrast Artifacts, as Described in the Experimental Section
Full size table
Table VII Volume Percentages (Volume Percent), Volumetric Particle Number Densities (Nv), and Corrected Average Radii of δ Precipitates (r 3D)
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Bihlet, U.D., Dahl, K.V. & Somers, M.A.J. Microstructure of Precipitation Hardenable Powder Metallurgical Ni Alloys Containing 35 to 45 pct Cr and 3.5 to 6 pct Nb. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 4796–4809 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2469-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2469-9

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