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Synthesis of γ-TiAl by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering of Cryomilled Ti and Al Powder Blend: Part II: Effects of Electric Field and Microstructure on Sintering Kinetics

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Abstract

The current study shows the dramatic effect of an electric field (EF) and use of nanosized cryomilled grains on accelerating sintering kinetics during spark plasma sintering of blended elemental powder compacts of Ti53Al47 targeted to produce γ-TiAl intermetallic compounds. The EF had the dominating effect since it reduced the activation barrier for diffusion through Al3Ti leading to faster growth of Al3Ti; the precursor to γ-TiAl. The Avrami exponent (n) determined for the micrograin compact lies between 1.0 and 1.5, which indicates that reaction sintering is controlled by bulk diffusion in these compacts, while for cryomilled compacts this is between 0.7 and 1.0 suggesting the important role of dislocations and grain boundaries on the transformation during reaction sintering. The activation energies were found to be in increasing order as: cryomilled compacts with EF (182 kJ/mol); micrograin compacts with EF (290 kJ/mol); cryomilled compacts without EF (331 kJ/mol); and micrograin compacts without EF (379 kJ/mol). The cryomilled microstructure also enhanced the sintering kinetics because of the availability of faster diffusing paths in Al and Ti including larger grain boundary area and dislocation density.

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Acknowledgments

The experimental support and advice provided by Ertorer Osman, Haiming Wen, Yizhang Zhou, and Baolong Zheng are greatly appreciated. The authors would like to thank the management of General Motors for supporting this research. EJL would also like to thank the National Science Foundation for their support under the Grant no. NSF DMR-1210437.

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Author notes

  1. Kaustubh Kulkarni (Researcher, Assistant Professor)

    Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, U.P., India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Yu Sun (Post-Doctoral Researcher) & Enrique J. Lavernia (Professor)

  2. India Science Lab, General Motors Global R&D, Bangalore, 560066, India

    Kaustubh Kulkarni (Researcher, Assistant Professor)

  3. Chemical Sciences and Materials Systems Lab, GM Global R&D Center, Warren, MI, USA

    Anil K. Sachdev (Lab Group Manager)

Authors
  1. Yu Sun
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  2. Kaustubh Kulkarni
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  3. Anil K. Sachdev
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  4. Enrique J. Lavernia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Sun.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted July 7, 2013.

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Sun, Y., Kulkarni, K., Sachdev, A.K. et al. Synthesis of γ-TiAl by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering of Cryomilled Ti and Al Powder Blend: Part II: Effects of Electric Field and Microstructure on Sintering Kinetics. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 2759–2767 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2216-2

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