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Mechanical Behavior of Carbide-free Medium Carbon Bainitic Steels

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Abstract

The effect of bainitic transformation time on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated in a steel containing 0.4 pct C-2.8 pct Mn-1.8 pct Si. The microstructure was characterized using optical and transmission electron microscopy; it consisted of bainitic ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite. The volume fraction of bainite increased from 0.4 for the shortest bainitic transformation time (30 minutes) to 0.9 at the longest time (120 minutes). The above microstructures exhibited an extended elasto-plastic transition leading to very high initial work-hardening rates. The work-hardening behavior was investigated in detail using strain-path reversals to measure the back stresses. These measurements point to a substantial kinematic hardening due to the mechanical contrast between the microstructural constituents. The onset of necking coincided with the saturation of kinematic hardening. Examination of the fracture surfaces indicated that the prior austenite grain boundaries play an important role in the fracture process.

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Notes

  1. The homogenized samples had circular cross-section with a diameter of 3 mm for tensile testing and 4 mm for Bauschinger testing.

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Acknowledgment

HSZ gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and ArcelorMittal. The authors are grateful to S. Alain and J-P. Masse (ArcelorMittal) for valuable discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L7, Canada

    Xiaoxu Zhang (Ph.D. Student), Xiang Wang (Research Associate), David Embury (Emeritus Professor), Gary R. Purdy (Emeritus Professor) & Hatem S. Zurob (Associate Professor)

  2. Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P.R. China

    Guang Xu (Professor)

  3. Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), CNRS UMR 7239, Université de Lorraine, Metz, 57045, France

    Olivier Bouaziz (Professor)

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  1. Xiaoxu Zhang
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  2. Guang Xu
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  3. Xiang Wang
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Correspondence to Xiaoxu Zhang.

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Manuscript submitted August 21, 2012.

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Zhang, X., Xu, G., Wang, X. et al. Mechanical Behavior of Carbide-free Medium Carbon Bainitic Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 1352–1361 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2079-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2079-y

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