Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Does ethylene play a role in thidiazuron-regulated somatic embryogenesis of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum bailey) hypocotyl cultures?

  • Physiology
  • Published:
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The accumulation of ethylene in headspace of hypocotyl cultures of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) and its possible role in thidiazuron-mediated somatic embryogenesis was investigated. The action of ethylene as determined by various ethylene synthesis and action inhibitors was varied. Silver nitrate (AgNo3), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and silver thiosulphate (STS) had no significant influence on the embryogenic response, while 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applied during the initial 3 d of induction or the expression phase, significantly increased the number of somatic embryos formed. Thidiazuron-treated tissues accumulated large quantities of ethylene within 6 h of culture, but the levels decreased after 12 h and reached very low levels after 3 d in culture. In the presence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the levels of ethylene decreased by 20 to 50% during the first 48 h of culture. Analysis of endogenous auxin, cytokinins, and abscisic acid (ABA) indicated possible interactions of ethylene with other phytohormones during the induction of somatic embryos on geranium hypocotyl explants. Thidiazuron (10 µM) increased, while ASA decreased the levels of endogenous auxin, cytokinins, and abscisic acid during this period of induction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beyer, E. M. A potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants. Plant Physiol. 58:268–271; 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biddington, N. L. The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture. Plant Growth Regul. 11:173–187; 1992.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biddington, N. L.; Sutterland, R. A.; Robinson, H. T. Silver nitrate increases embryo production in anther cultures of brussel sprouts. Ann. Bot. 62:181–185; 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamborg, O. L.; Miller, R. A.; Ojima, K. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 50:151–158; 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, R.; Saxena, P. K. Direct somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plants from seedling explants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea): promotive role of thidiazuron. Can. J. Bot. 70:1186–1192; 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, R.; Saxena, P. K. Somatic embryogenesis in Nicotiana tabacum: induction by TDZ of direct embryo differentiation in leaf disc cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 12:154–159; 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. J.; KrishnaRaj, S.; Saxena, P. K. Morphological and physiological changes during thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis in geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) hypocotyl cultures. Int. J. Plant Sci. 157:440–446; 1996a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. J.; Murch, S. J.; Saxena, P. K. Morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron: evidence of the involvement of endogenous auxin in thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey). J. Plant Physiol.; 149:573–579; 1996b.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. J.; Saxena, P. K. Acetylsalicylic acid enhances and synchronizes thidiazuron induced somatic embryogenesis in geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) tissue cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 15:512–515; 1996a.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. J.; Saxena, P. K. Role of purine metabolism in thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) hypocotyl cultures. Physiol. Plant.; in press: 1996b.

  • Jones, J. F.; Kende, H. Auxin-induced ethylene biosynthesis in sub-apical stem sections of etiolated seedlings of Pisum sativum L. Planta 146:649–653; 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, B. G.; Yocum, C. S.; Burg, S. P., et al. Ethylene and carbon dioxide mediation of hypocotyl hook-opening response. Science 156:958–959; 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klee, H. J.; Romano, C. P. The roles of phytohormones in development as studied in transgenic plants. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 13:311–324; 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochba, J.; Spiegal-Roy, P.; Neumann, H., et al. Stimulation of embryogenesis in Citrus ovular callus by ABA, ethephon, CCC and Alar and its suppression by GA. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 89:427–432; 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, O.; Yang, S. F. Mechanism of a synergistic effect of kinetin on auxin-induced ethylene production. Plant Physiol. 51:1011–1014; 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, C. A.; Romani, R. J. Salicylic acid: a new inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep. 5:144–146; 1986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattoo, A. K.; White, W. B. Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. In: Mattoo, A. K.; Suttle, J. C., eds. The plant hormone ethylene. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1991:21–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, B. N. S.; Murch, S. J.; Saxena, P. K. Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis in intact seedlings of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): endogenous growth regulator levels and significance of cotyledons. Physiol. Plant. 94:268–276; 1995.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perl, A.; Aviv, D.; Galun, E. Ethylene and in vitro culture of potato: suppression of ethylene generation vastly improved protoplast yield, plating efficiency and transient expression of an alien gene. Plant Cell Rep. 7:403–406; 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, K. E. P.; Adams, D. O. The role of ethylene in regeneration of Helianthus annus (sunflower) plants from callus. Physiol. Plant. 71:151–156; 1987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roustan, J. P.; Latche, A.; Fallot, J. Control of carrot somatic embryogenesis by AgNO3, an inhibitor of ethylene action: effect on arginine decarboxylase. Plant Sci. 67:89–95; 1990.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sankhla, N.; Davis, T. D.; Snakhla, D., et al. Reversal of salicylic acid-induced inhibition of growth and organogenesis by thidiazuron. Plant Physiol. 102:180 (Abstract); 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato, T.; Theologis, A. Cloning the mRNA encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase synthase, the key enzyme for ethylene biosynthesis in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6621–6625; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serek, M.; Sisler, E. C.; Reid, M. S. Novel gaseous inhibitor of ethylene binding prevents ethylene effects in potted flowering plants. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119:1230–1233; 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. L.; Krikorian, A. D. pH control of carrot somatic embryogenesis. In: Nijkamp, H. J. J.; Van Der Plas, L. H. W.; Van Aartrijk, J., eds. Progress in plant cell and molecular biology: current advances in plant science, biotechnology and agriculture. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990:449–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Songstad, D. D.; Petracek, P. D.; Sams, C. E., et al. Effect of 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid and aminoethoxyvinylglycine on ethylene emanation and somatic embryogenesis from orchard grass leaf cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 7:677–679; 1989.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Songstad, D. D.; Armstrong, C. L.; Petersen, W. L. AgNO3 increases type 1 callus production from immature embryos of maize inbred B73 and its derivatives. Plant Cell Rep. 9:699–702; 1991.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute Inc. SAS users’ guide: statistics, Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suttle, J. C. Effect of the defoliant thidiazuron on ethylene evolution from mung bean hypocotyl segments. Plant Physiol. 75:902–907; 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vain, P.; Flament, P.; Soudain, P. Role of ethylene in embryogenic callus initiation and regeneration in Zea mays L. J. Plant Physiol. 135:537–540; 1989a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vain, P.; Yean, H.; Flament, P. Enhancement of production and regeneration of embryogenic type II callus of Zea mays L. by AgNO3. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 18:143–151; 1989b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser, C.; Qureshi, J. A.; Gill, R., et al. Morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron: substitution of auxin and cytokinin requirement for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in geranium hypocotyl cultures. Plant Physiol. 99:1704–1707; 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A. K.; Pickett, F. B.; Turner, J. C., et al. A dominant mutation in Arabidopsis confers resistance to auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid. Mol. & Gen. Genet. 222:377–383; 1990.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, S. F.; Hoffmann, N. E. Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35:155–189; 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yip, W. K.; Yang, S. F. Effect of thidiazuron, a cytokinin-active urea derivative, in cytokinin dependent ethylene production systems. Plant Physiol. 80:515–519; 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    M. J. Hutchinson, D. Murr, S. Krishnaraj, T. Senaratna & P. K. Saxena

Authors
  1. M. J. Hutchinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Murr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Krishnaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. Senaratna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. K. Saxena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hutchinson, M.J., Murr, D., Krishnaraj, S. et al. Does ethylene play a role in thidiazuron-regulated somatic embryogenesis of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum bailey) hypocotyl cultures?. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 33, 136–141 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-997-0012-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-997-0012-z

Key words

Search

Navigation