Skip to main content
Log in

“New Language Education Policy” – Policy making and enhancement of migrant-related multilingualism in student’s own perception

A case study with Russian speaking Israelis

„New Language Education Policy“ – Bildungspolitische Maßnahmen und Aufwertung migrationsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit aus der Perspektive von Schülerinnen und Schülern

Eine Fallstudie mit russischsprachigen Israelis

  • Schwerpunkt
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Normative and empirical research in pedagogy suggests that a monolingual approach at school may result in underperformance of students from immigrant families. This calls for changes in educational concepts. The key question however remains: What would a change towards multilingualism imply? This article focuses on the ways in which a respective transformation was intended by the Israeli “New Language Education Policy” in 1995, introducing multilingualism as an educational concept. The present study is based on qualitative data. The analysis illustrates how these changes were perceived by the interviewed multilinguals. The findings indicate the central role of peers’ and teachers’ reaction towards the development of self-perception. Multilinguals who were socialized during the monolingual context remember being insulted and beaten, and mention their wish to assimilate as reason for having changed their names and speaking only Hebrew to their family. By contrast, no particular negative experience is narrated by those interview partners who experienced the multilingual context. Strikingly, not all of the interviewed subjects who went to school after 1995 remember having experienced the shift, which opens a further question on limitations of language policy making.

Zusammenfassung

In normativ-theoretischem Diskurs und einigen empirischen Untersuchungen wird argumentiert, dass die schulische Einsprachigkeit für den Bildungsmisserfolg von Kindern mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte mitverantwortlich ist, so dass ein Wandel erforderlich sei. Offen ist die Frage, wie ein Wandel hin zur Mehrsprachigkeit gestaltet sein kann. Im Fokus des Artikels steht „New Language Education Policy“, eine bildungspolitische Maßnahme in Israel, in der 1995 Mehrsprachigkeit zum Leitgedanken von Bildung erklärt wurde. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wurde die Wahrnehmung dieser Veränderung durch mehrsprachige Individuen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse illustrieren Prozesse von Selbstverortung: Die interviewten Mehrsprachigen, die in einem monolingualen Kontext sozialisiert wurden, erinnern sich an Beleidigungen und nennen den Wunsch nach Anpassung als Grund dafür, dass sie ihre Namen geändert und zu Hebräisch gewechselt haben. Keine negativen Erlebnisse wurden hingegen von den Interviewten berichtet, die einen mehrsprachigen Kontext erlebt haben. Indes ließ sich nicht in allen Interviews mit Mehrsprachigen, die nach 1995 die Schule besucht haben, der bildungspolitische Wandel rekonstruieren. Dies eröffnet eine Frage nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bildungspolitischer Maßnahmen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. This inscription was usually on the dishes given to the new arrivals in the receiving communities kibbutzim (cf. Burteisen 2003, p. 227).

  2. All participants work as teachers today, but their current profession is not in centre of the present study.

  3. Acknowledgements to Ksenija Gumenik and Olga Logunova.

  4. In order to contextualize the examples, they start by the pseudonym of the person and the year of school entering, followed by translation in English by the author.

  5. Here and further the original statements in English appear in italics.

  6. Ethiopians are another Israeli immigrant group, often mentioned in the interviews. Participant’s perception of this group will be analyzed elsewhere as it is not in the focus of the study.

References

  • Auer, P., & Dirim, İ. (2003). Socio-cultural orientation, urban youth styles and the spontaneous acquisition of Turkish by Non-Turkish adolescents in Germany. Constructions of youth identities. In K. K. Androutsopoulos & A. Georgakopoulou (Eds.), Discourse constructions of youth identities (pp. 223–246). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Rafael, M., & Schmid, M. (2007). Language attrition and ideology: two groups of immigrants in Israel. In B. Köpke, M. S. Schmid, M. Keijzer, & S. Dostert (Eds.), Language attrition: theoretical perspectives (pp. 205–226). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, E. (2001). Absorption problems in a multicultural society: selected issues of professional integration of immigrant teachers from the former Soviet Union into the education system in northern Israel (Unpublished PhD-Thesis). http://library.macam.ac.il/study/pdf_files/d9137.pdf. Accessed: 20th. Sep. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betten, A. (2009). Berichten – Erzählen – Argumentieren revisited. Wie multifunktional sind die Textsorten im autobiographischen Interview? In T. Taterka, D. Dzintra Lele-Rozentāle, & S. Pavīdis (Eds.), Am Rande im Zentrum. Beiträge des VII. Nordischen Germanistentreffens. Berlin: SAXA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bialystok, E. (2009). Effects of bilingualism on cognitive and linguistic performance across the lifespan. In I. Gogolin & U. Neumann (Eds.), Streitfall Zweisprachigkeit – the bilingualism controversy (pp. 53–67). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). Was heißt sprechen? Die Ökonomie des sprachlichen Tausches. Wien: Braumüller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burteisen, J. (2003). Zur sprachlichen Integration von Immigranten aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion in Israel. In U. Reitemeier (Ed.), Sprachliche Integration von Aussiedlern im internationalen Vergleich (pp. 221–245). Mannheim: amandes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Bureau of Statistics (2013). Statistical abstract of Israel. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom. A pedagogy for learning and teaching? Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (2010). Bilingual education and bilingualism. Bd. 23: Language, power, and pedagogy. Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evers, J. (2016). Elaborating on thick analysis: about thoroughness and creativity in qualitative analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 17(1), Art. 6 ohne Seitenangaben.

  • Franceschini, R. (2002). Sprachbiographien: Erzählungen über Mehrsprachigkeit und deren Erkenntnisinteresse für die Spracherwerbsforschung und die Neurobiologie der Mehrsprachigkeit. Bulletin vals-asla, 76, 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fürstenau, S. (2016). Multilingualism and school development in transnational educational spaces. Insights from an intervention study at German elementary schools. In A. Küppers, B. Pusch, P. Uyan Semerci & P. Uyan-Semerci (Eds.), Bildung in transnationalen Räumen. Education in transnational spaces (1st edition, pp. 71–90). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gkaintartzi, A., Kiliari, A., & Tsokalidou, R. (2013). “Invisible” bilingualism – “invisible” language ideologies. Greek teachers’ attitudes towards immigrant pupils’ heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18(1), 60–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gogolin, I., & Neumann, U. (Eds.). (2009). Streitfall Zweisprachigkeit – the bilingualism controversy. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hélot, C., & Young, A. (2006). Imagining multilingual education in France: a language and cultural awareness project at primary level. In O. García, T. Skutnabb-Kangas, & M. E. Torres-Guzmán (Eds.), Imagining multilingual schools. Languages in education and glocalization Linguistic diversity and language rights (vol. 2, pp. 69–90). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, T. (2003). The increasing political power of immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel: from passive citizenship to active citizenship. International Migration, 41(1), 47–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irvine, J. T., & Gal, S. (2000). Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. In P. V. Kroskrity (Ed.), School of American Research advanced seminar series: regimes of language. Ideologies, polities, and identities (1st edition., pp. 35–84). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • König, K. (2013). Generalisieren, Moralisieren – Redewiedergabe in narrativen Interviews als Veranschaulichungsverfahren zur Wissensübermittlung. In K. Birkner & O. Ehmer (Eds.), Veranschaulichungsverfahren im Gespräch (pp. 201–223). Mannheim: Verlag für Gesprächsforschung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebscher, G., & Dailey-O’Cain, J. (2009). Language attitudes in interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 13(2), 195–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. In G. Mey & K. Mruck (Eds.), Handbuch Qualitative Forschung in der Psychologie (pp. 601–613). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Niedrig, H. (2002). Strategien des Umgangs mit sprachlicher Vielfalt – Analyse bildungspolitischer und konzeptioneller Ansätze. Tertium comparationis, 8, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oomen-Welke, I., & Pena Schumacher, T. (2005). Sprachenlernen – Biographische Rekonstruktionen zweisprachiger Schulkinder. In V. Hinnenkamp & K. Meng (Eds.), Sprachgrenzen überspringen. Sprachliche Hybridität und polykulturelles Selbstverständnis (pp. 289–323). Tübingen: Narr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oomen-Welke, I. (Ed.) (2013). Mehrsprachigkeit in der Klasse wahrnehmen, aufgreifen, fördern (1st edition.). Stuttgart: Fillibach bei Klett.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlenko, A. (2007). Autobiographic narratives as data in applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 28(2), 163–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pulinx, R., & van Avermaet, P. (2015). Integration in Flanders (Belgium) – citizenship as achievement: How intertwined are “citizenship” and “integration” in Flemish language policies? Journal of Language and Politics, 14(3), 335–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putjata, G., Olfert, H., & Romano, S. (2016). Mehrsprachigkeit als Kapital – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Moduls “Deutsch für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte” in Nordrhein-Westfalen. ÖDaF-Mitteilungen, 32(1), 34–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schalley, A., Eisenchlas, A., & Guillemin, D. (2015). Multilingualism and literacy: attitudes and policies. International Journal of Multilingualism, 12(2), 151–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, M. (2010). New perspectives on L1 attrition. Bilingualism: Language and Congnition, 13(1), 1–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, J. H. (1978). The Pidgination Process: A Model for Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

  • Shohamy, E. (2010). Cases of language policy resistance in Israel’s centralized educational system. In K. Menken & O. Garcia (Eds.), Negotiating language policies in schools: educators as policymakers (pp. 182–197). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloetjes, H., & Wittenburg, P. (2008). Annotation by category – ELAN and ISO DCR (Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spolsky, B., & Shohamy, E. (1999). The languages of Israel: policy, ideology and practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tophinke, D. (2002). Lebensgeschichte und Sprache. Zum Konzept der Sprachbiographie aus linguistischer Sicht. Bulletin vals-asla, 76, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tophinke, D., & Ziegler, E. (2006). “Aber bitte im Kontext!” Neue Perspektiven der dialektologischen Einstellungsforschung. OBST, 71, 205–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. S. (2014). Looking through the language lens: monolingual taint or plurilingual tint? In J. Conteh & G. Meier (Eds.), The multilingual turn in languages education: opportunities and challenges (pp. 89–109). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Galina Putjata.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Putjata, G. “New Language Education Policy” – Policy making and enhancement of migrant-related multilingualism in student’s own perception. Z Erziehungswiss 20, 259–278 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-017-0742-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-017-0742-6

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation