Abstract
Background
This study investigates the prognosis of patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), aiming to elucidate predictors of occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the chronic phase after esophagectomy.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 415 consecutive patients between July 2010 and December 2021 who were scheduled to undergo esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and had no previous history of AF.
Results
POAF occurred in 73 patients (18%). Their ages were higher than those without POAF (72 [66–77] vs 68 [62–75], P < 0.01). Three-field lymph node dissection was more frequent in patients with POAF (63% vs 50%, P = 0.04). Overall survival rates were not significantly different between those with and without POAF in patients with stage III/IV cancer (P = 0.37), but overall survival rate of patients with POAF was lower than in those without POAF in stage I/II cancer (P = 0.03). Seventeen patients (4.1%) had recurrence of AF or new onset 31 days after esophagectomy. POAF was the only independent predictor of AF development in the chronic phase (HR: 4.09, 95%CI: [1.42–11.74], P = 0.01). AF development in the chronic phase was observed in 8 patients (11.0%) with and 9 patients (2.6%) without POAF (P < 0.01). AF development rates were not significantly different in patients with stage III/IV cancer (P = 0.05), but there was significant difference in patients with stage I/II cancer (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
The occurrence of POAF after esophagectomy is related with future development of AF and overall survival prognosis. Future studies must ascertain optimal therapeutic strategy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
[1] Mc Cormack O, Zaborowski A, King S, Healy L, Daly C, OʼFarrell N, Donohoe CL, Ravi N, Reynolds JV. New-onset atrial fibrillation post-surgery for esophageal and junctional cancer: incidence, management, and impact on short- and long-term outcomes. Ann Surg. 2014;260:772-8.
[2] Ojima T, Iwahashi M, Nakamori M, Nakamura M, Katsuda M, Iida T, Hayata K, Yamaue H. Atrial fibrillation after esophageal cancer surgery: an analysis of 207 consecutive patients. Surg Today. 2014;44:839-47.
[3] Schizas D, Kosmopoulos M, Giannopoulos S, Giannopoulos S, Kokkinidis DG, Karampetsou N, Papanastasiou CA, Rouvelas I, Liakakos T. Meta-analysis of risk factors and complications associated with atrial fibrillation after oesophagectomy. Br J Surg. 2019;106:534-547.
Seesing MFJ, Scheijmans JCG, Borggreve AS, van Hillegersberg R, Ruurda JP. The predictive value of new-onset atrial fibrillation on postoperative morbidity after esophagectomy. Dis Esophagus. 2018;31.
[5] Murthy SC, Law S, Whooley BP, Alexandrou A, Chu KM, Wong J. Atrial fibrillation after esophagectomy is a marker for postoperative morbidity and mortality. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:1162-7.
[6] Stippel DL, Taylan C, Schröder W, Beckurts KT, Hölscher AH. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia as early indicator of a complicated course after esophagectomy. Dis Esophagus. 2005; 18:267–273.
[7] Wells CI, Robertson JP, Campbell S, Al-Herz F, Rhind B, Young M. Impact of atrial fibrillation on long-term survival following oesophagectomy: a 21-year observational study. ANZ J Surg. 2018;88:E268-E272.
[8] Chin JH, Moon YJ, Jo JY, Han YA, Kim HR, Lee EH, Choi IC. Association between Postoperatively Developed Atrial Fibrillation and Long-Term Mortality after Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer Patients: An Observational Study. PLoS One. 2016; 11:e0154931.
[9] Amar D, Zhang H, Tan KS, Piening D, Rusch VW, Jones DR. A brain natriuretic peptide-based prediction model for atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery: Development and internal validation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157:2493-2499.
[10] Ojima T, Nakamura M, Hayata K, Kitadani J, Katsuda M, Nakamori M, Takeuchi A, Maruoka S, Fukuda N, Tominaga S, Motobayashi H, Yamaue H. Postoperative atrial fibrillation does not impact on overall survival after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Oncotarget. 2020;11:2414-2423.
[11] Ojima T, Nakamori M, Nakamura M, Katsuda M, Hayata K, Kato T, Kitadani J, Tabata H, Takeuchi A, Yamaue H. Randomized clinical trial of landiolol hydrochloride for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and postoperative complications after oesophagectomy for cancer. Br J Surg. 2017;104:1003-1009.
[12] Nagatsuka Y, Sugimura K, Miyata H, Shinnno N, Asukai K, Hara H, Hasegawa S, Yamada D, Yamamoto K, Haraguchi N, Nishimura J, Motoori M, Wada H, Takahashi H, Yasui M, Omori T, Ohue M, Yano M. Predictive value of preoperative echocardiographic assessment for postoperative atrial fibrillation after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Esophagus. 2021;18:496-503.
[13] Klevebro F, Elliott JA, Slaman A, Vermeulen BD, Kamiya S, Rosman C, Gisbertz SS, Boshier PR, Reynolds JV, Rouvelas I, Hanna GB, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Markar SR. Cardiorespiratory Comorbidity and Postoperative Complications following Esophagectomy: a European Multicenter Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26:2864-2873.
[14] Horikoshi Y, Goyagi T, Kudo R, Kodama S, Horiguchi T, Nishikawa T. The suppressive effects of landiolol administration on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and tachycardia, and plasma IL-6 elevation in patients undergoing esophageal surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Anesth. 2017;38:111-116.
[15] Diab M, Wazni OM, Saliba WI, Tarakji KG, Ballout JA, Hutt E, Rickard J, Baranowski B, Tchou P, Bhargava M, Chung M, Varma N, Martin DO, Dresing T, Callahan T, Cantillon D, Kanj M, Hussein AA. Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Without Left Atrial Appendage Imaging in Patients Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020;13:e008301.
[16] Higuchi S, Kabeya Y, Matsushita K, Arai N, Tachibana K, Tanaka R, Kawachi R, Takei H, Suzuki Y, Kogure M, Imanishi Y, Moriyama K, Sugiyama M, Yorozu T, Saito K, Abe N, Kondo H, Yoshino H. Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation in Noncardiac Surgeries for Malignancies and One-Year Recurrence. Can J Cardiol. 2019;35:1449-1456.
[17] Butt JH, Olesen JB, Havers-Borgersen E, Gundlund A, Andersson C, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Køber L, Fosbøl EL. Risk of Thromboembolism Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Following Noncardiac Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:2027-2036.
[18] Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J; ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 319–338.
[19] Iwahashi M, Nakamori M, Nakamura M, Ojima T, Naka T, Yamaue H. Optimal period for the prophylactic administration of neutrophil elastase inhibitor for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy. World J Surg. 2011;35:1573-1579.
[20] Nakamura M, Iwahashi M, Nakamori M, Ishida K, Naka T, Iida T, Katsuda M, Tsuji T, Nakatani Y, Yamaue H. An analysis of the factors contributing to a reduction in the incidence of pulmonary complications following an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008;393:127-133.
[21] Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285:2864-2870.
[22] Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010;138:1093-1100.
Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 8th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2017.
[24] Song EY, Venkat P, Fradley M, Frakes JM, Klocksieben F, Fontaine J, Mehta R, Saeed S, Hoffe SE, Pimiento JM. Clinical factors associated with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation in esophageal cancer patients receiving multimodality therapy before surgery. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2020;11:68-75.
[25] Maesen B, Nijs J, Maessen J, Allessie M, Schotten U. Post-operative atrial fibrillation: a maze of mechanisms. Europace. 2012;14:159-74.
[26] Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Santinelli V. Atrio-Esophageal Fistula After AF Ablation: Pathophysiology, Prevention &Treatment. J Atr Fibrillation. 2013;6:860.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge proofreading and editing by Benjamin Phillis at the Clinical Study Support Center at Wakayama Medical University.
Funding
This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18 K15858 and 20 K08406.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kashiwagi, M., Ojima, T., Hayata, K. et al. Risk Factors for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Development After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 26, 2451–2459 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-022-05493-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-022-05493-9