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Humicolopsis cephalosporioides synthesizes DHN-melanin in its chlamydospores

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Abstract

Humicolopsis cephalosporioides is a soil fungus that is associated with Nothofagus forests in South America. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and nutrition on chlamydospore differentiation as well as pigment biosynthesis. Temperature did not affect chlamydospore production; it rather altered pigmentation development that also was affected by light. The composition of culture media as well as light modulated chlamydospore differentiation. Microscope observations, spectroscopic analysis as well as culture assays, using melanin inhibitors, suggest that the main pigment of chlamydospores of H. cephalosporioides is 1,8 dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin–type compound. Furthermore, we found that the genome of H. cephalosporioides contains a sequence highly homologous to the pks sequences of other fungi that have been associated with the biosynthesis of 1,8 DHN-melanin. All this together suggests that melanization is among the most important features linked to survival of this fungus in the soils of Nothofagus forests in sub-Antarctica region and that the ITS, 18S, and 28S rDNA sequences did not provide enough information to delineate the phylogenetic relationships of the fungus within the class Leotiomycetes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ana M. Gennaro from the INTEC (CONICET-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina) for performing the ESR analysis. AB, RM, LAE, and MCNS are members of the Carrera del Investigador Científico CONICET, Argentina. MNC and PAB are researchers of the Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Argentina.

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Funding

This research was partially financed by the National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation through the PICT 2018-3144 project (RM), PICT 2019-00207 project (MCNS), PICT 2020-02736 project (PAB), CONICET (PUE INFIVE and PIP 11220200100527CO) and UNLP, Argentina, and by the Secretary of Science and Technique of the National University of La Plata, through the R&D Projects A344 (MCNS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-CONICET, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Alejandra Bárcena & Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diagonal 113 esq. 61 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Alejandra Bárcena, Pedro Alberto Balatti & Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat

  3. Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIDEFI-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Rocío Medina & Pedro Alberto Balatti

  4. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, BA, 70126, Italy

    Mario Emilio Ernesto Franco

  5. Instituto de Botánica Carlos Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Lorena Alejandra Elíades & Marta Noemí Cabello

  6. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil

    Carlos Pelleschi Taborda

  7. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Pedro Alberto Balatti & Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat

Authors
  1. Alejandra Bárcena
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  2. Rocío Medina
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  3. Mario Emilio Ernesto Franco
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  7. Pedro Alberto Balatti
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  8. Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat
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Contributions

AB designed and performed experiments on biomass production, extraction, and characterization of pigments and melanin synthesis inhibition. RM analyzed data, provided funding acquisition, and co-wrote the paper. MEEF made DNA extraction, polymerase chain reactions, sequence alignments, and phylogenetic analyses. LAE helped performing different tasks in laboratory. MNC provided fungal strains and participated actively in species identification using morphological features. CPT contributed on the revision and conceptualization of this manuscript. PAB was involved in the analysis and discussion of the data obtained, provided funding acquisition and assisted with the writing of the paper. MCNS supervised the research, provided funding acquisition and co-wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat.

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Alejandra Bárcena and Rocío Medina are Co-first author.

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Bárcena, A., Medina, R., Franco, M.E.E. et al. Humicolopsis cephalosporioides synthesizes DHN-melanin in its chlamydospores. Mycol Progress 22, 4 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01853-6

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