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Cladosporium cladosporioides LPSC 1088 Produces the 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-Melanin-Like Compound and Carries a Putative pks Gene

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Abstract

Cladosporium cladosporioides is a dematiaceous fungus with coloured mycelia and conidia due to the presence of dark pigments. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dark pigments synthetized by Cladosporium sp. LPSC no. 1088 and also to identify the putative polyketide synthase (pks) gene that might be involved in the pigment biosynthesis. Morphological as well as molecular features like the ITS sequence confirmed that LPSC 1088 is Cladosporium cladosporioides. UV-visible, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analysis as well as melanin inhibitors suggest that the main dark pigment of the isolate was 1,8 dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin-type compound. Two commercial fungicides, Difenoconazole and Chlorothalonil, inhibited fungal growth as well as increased pigmentation of the colonies suggesting that melanin might protect the fungus against chemical stress. The pigment is most probably synthetized by means of a pentaketide pathway since the sequence of a 651 bp fragment, coding for a putative polyketide synthase, is highly homologous to pks sequences from other fungi.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Bucsinszky, A. M. M., Rollán, C. and Ronco, L. for field and laboratory assistance and Gennaro, A. M., Ph D, for performing the ESR determination. The ESR analysis was carried out at INTEC (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Santa Fe, Argentina. Bárcena, A. is recipient of a scholarship from the Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Argentina. Vera Bahima, J. is recipient of a scholarship from the CONICET, Argentina. Arambarri, A. M., Mirífico, M. V. and Saparrat, M. C. N. are researchers from the CONICET, Argentina. Rozas, M. F. is a CONICET technician. Balatti, P. A. is a researcher from the CICPBA, Argentina. This research was partially supported by grants from CONICET (PIP 1422), CICPBA and UNLP, Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Carla Llorente & Alejandra Bárcena

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI), UNLP, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    José Vera Bahima

  3. INFIVE, UNLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Diag. 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Mario C. N. Saparrat & Pedro A. Balatti

  4. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, UNLP, 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Mario C. N. Saparrat & Angélica M. Arambarri

  5. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, UNLP, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Mario C. N. Saparrat & Pedro A. Balatti

  6. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Diag. 113 y 64, CC 16 suc. 4, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    M. Fernanda Rozas & María V. Mirífico

  7. Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP, Área Departamental Ingeniería Química, Calle 47 y 1, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    María V. Mirífico

  8. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, CIDEFI, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Pedro A. Balatti

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  1. Carla Llorente
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  2. Alejandra Bárcena
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  3. José Vera Bahima
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  4. Mario C. N. Saparrat
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  5. Angélica M. Arambarri
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  6. M. Fernanda Rozas
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  7. María V. Mirífico
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  8. Pedro A. Balatti
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Correspondence to Mario C. N. Saparrat.

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Llorente, C., Bárcena, A., Vera Bahima, J. et al. Cladosporium cladosporioides LPSC 1088 Produces the 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-Melanin-Like Compound and Carries a Putative pks Gene. Mycopathologia 174, 397–408 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9558-3

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