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Recovery of heart rate variability after treadmill exercise analyzed by lagged Poincaré plot and spectral characteristics

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the recovery of heart rate variability (HRV) after treadmill exercise and to investigate the autonomic nervous system response after exercise. Frequency domain indices, i.e., LF(ms2), HF(ms2), LF(n.u.), HF(n.u.) and LF/HF, and lagged Poincaré plot width (SD1 m ) and length (SD2 m ) were introduced for comparison between the baseline period (Pre-E) before treadmill running and two periods after treadmill running (Post-E1 and Post-E2). The correlations between lagged Poincaré plot indices and frequency domain indices were applied to reveal the long-range correlation between linear and nonlinear indices during the recovery of HRV. The results suggested entirely attenuated autonomic nervous activity to the heart following the treadmill exercise. After the treadmill running, the sympathetic nerves achieved dominance and the parasympathetic activity was suppressed, which lasted for more than 4 min. The correlation coefficients between lagged Poincaré plot indices and spectral power indices could separate not only Pre-E and two sessions after the treadmill running, but also the two sessions in recovery periods, i.e., Post-E1 and Post-E2. Lagged Poincaré plot as an innovative nonlinear method showed a better performance over linear frequency domain analysis and conventional nonlinear Poincaré plot.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. 14YZ091).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Ping Shi & Hongliu Yu

  2. Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK

    Sijung Hu

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  1. Ping Shi
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Correspondence to Ping Shi.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China (Ref. No. 2013-9023-14YZ091).

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Shi, P., Hu, S. & Yu, H. Recovery of heart rate variability after treadmill exercise analyzed by lagged Poincaré plot and spectral characteristics. Med Biol Eng Comput 56, 221–231 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1682-2

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