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Modelling and Analysis of High-Performing Reconfigurable SPR Refractive Index Sensor Employing Beryllium Oxide, Nickel, and BlueP/WS2 Nanomaterials

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Abstract

A novel design of an optical refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been offered in the article. The structure of the sensor is grounded on a Kretschmann configuration which comprises of CaF2 prism, silver (Ag) metal, beryllium oxide (BeO) nanomaterial, Nickel (Ni), and a heterostructure 2D nanomaterial (blue phosphorene/tungsten diselenide; BP/WS2). The analyte has been sensed on the 2D heterostructure material surface to examine the change in refractive index (RI). For prudent examination of the reflectivity of the proposed sensor, the transfer matrix method (TMM) has been employed. The optimization of sensitivity in terms of thickness and number of layers has also been investigated. Electric field intensity enhancement factor and phase interrogation parameters and normalized electric field distribution have also been utilized to validate the resonance angle position and to justify ultrahigh sensitivity. Utilizing the 2D nanomaterials intensifies the sensitivity of the proposed structure up to 401.2° per refractive index unit (deg/RIU). The FoM and detection accuracy (DA) is optimized up to 178.31 RIU−1 and 0.444 deg−1 respectively. The sensor offers a simple and selective structure with efficient cost and thickness. Additionally, the advantage of being real-time, stable, and label-free detection of an analyte sample with a very small amount of sample makes the proposed sensor a competing technology to be fabricated as a sensor chip for commercial applications.

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Data will be made available on request.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (Adarsh Chandra Mishra) is very thankful to the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh (India), for the technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, 273010, Gorakhpur, India

    Adarsh Chandra Mishra & D. K. Dwivedi

  2. Department of Applied Sciences (Physics Division), National Institute of Technology Delhi, GT Karnal Road, 110036, Delhi, India

    A. K. Sharma

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, 273010, Gorakhpur, India

    Pooja Lohia

Authors
  1. Adarsh Chandra Mishra
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  2. A. K. Sharma
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  3. Pooja Lohia
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  4. D. K. Dwivedi
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Contributions

Adarsh Chandra Mishra conceived the concept, developed the structure and methodology, collected, investigated all the data, and prepared the initial draft. A. K. Sharma and Pooja Lohia investigated and interpreted the data and reviewed the manuscript. D. K. Dwivedi reviewed and edited the manuscript and provided guidance as a mentor throughout the planning and execution of the research project.

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Correspondence to D. K. Dwivedi.

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Mishra, A.C., Sharma, A.K., Lohia, P. et al. Modelling and Analysis of High-Performing Reconfigurable SPR Refractive Index Sensor Employing Beryllium Oxide, Nickel, and BlueP/WS2 Nanomaterials. Plasmonics 19, 429–438 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02005-6

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