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Performance of a novel resistant rock bolt with periodic energy absorption and release: theory and experiment

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Abstract

Periodic loads cause periodic deformation of rock, resulting in the gradual accumulation of energy of rock bolts and eventually damage. Thus, it is vital to propose novel resistant rock bolts that adapt to large deformation and absorb and release energy in time. In this study, a new resistant rock bolt was developed and its large deformation performance was analyzed by theoretical analysis and pull-out tests. The structure of the new bolt consists of rebar with multi gears, a cannula, and steel balls. The working principle is that the resistance fluctuation is caused by the plastic deformation of steel-ball cutting multi-gears, and then achieves the periodic absorption and release of energy. The mathematical model of the working resistance was calculated considering the diameters and number of steel balls, the thickness, and the slope of gears, based on the metal cutting mechanics. The new rock bolts made of 20# steel had working resistance of 100 ~ 110 kN, which belongs to the medium category but has a higher energy-absorbing-releasing capacity. The slope angle only changed the velocity of working resistance, but had no obvious effect on the high resistance. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verified that the parameters of steel balls were positively correlated with the working resistance of the new rock bolt, and the available maximum resistance of the similarity model is 4.5 kN when the number and diameter of steel balls are 5 and 6.0 mm. Finally, two numerical models of tunneling with ordinary and new rock bolts were constructed. The results found that after two dynamic loads, new rock bolts still proved the high performance but the ordinary bolt system failed. Therefore, the new rock bolt obviously increased the long-term stability of the rock mass.

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Acknowledgements

The author sincerely acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42207169); the Key R & D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2021B03004-3); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221126); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710177); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1501303); the Open Fund of Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards (No. BNORSG-202315).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Chang Zhou, Cheng Huang & Youdong Chen

  2. Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Chang Zhou

  3. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People’s Republic of China

    Wengang Zhang & Luqi Wang

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  1. Chang Zhou
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Correspondence to Luqi Wang.

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Zhou, C., Huang, C., Chen, Y. et al. Performance of a novel resistant rock bolt with periodic energy absorption and release: theory and experiment. Acta Geotech. 19, 363–378 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-01943-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-01943-z

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