Skip to main content
Log in

A new approach to retrofit the diagrid structures using an improved outrigger-braced system

  • Research
  • Published:
Asian Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper examined the effect of outrigger braces with improved arrangements on the seismic performance of diagrid steel structures to enhance the performance of a diagrid structural system. To this aim, a tall steel structure was selected and equipped with outrigger braces by placing truss braces in three different positions and arrangements, including horizontal, V-shaped, and \( {\Lambda }\)-shaped (IV-shaped). The V- and \( {\Lambda }\)-shaped arrangements constituted an improved outrigger-braced system. Perform3D was utilized for modeling and nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (NIDA). Finally, the fragility curves for the models were derived through IDA analysis and a log-normal probability distribution. The numerical analysis demonstrated that improved outrigger braces would significantly enhance the seismic performance of high-rise buildings with a diagrid system. The location of the truss belt on the 25th and 50th floors dramatically improved the structure’s seismic performance and collapse margin ratio (CMR). Thus, the CMR value of the outrigger-braced models on the 25th and 50th floors was about 2.33 times the base model. Besides, the V-shaped truss belt in the outrigger system exhibited the best seismic performance. The CMR value peaked in this arrangement. The results of the pushover analysis showed that equipping diagrid tall buildings with outrigger braces had little effect on structural flexibility and only increased the energy absorption of the system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  • AISC-ANSI, A, 360?10 (2010). Specification for Structural Steel. American Institute of Steel Construction, 2010 Inc.

  • Asadi, E., & Adeli, H. (2017). Diagrid: An innovative, sustainable, and efficient structural system. Struct Design Tall Spec Build, 26(8), e1358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASCE-41-17. (2017). ASCE Standard, ASCE/SEI, 41–17: Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA.

  • Bigdeli, A., Emamikoupaei, A., & Tsavdaridis, K. D. (2023). Probabilistic seismic demand model and optimal intensity measures for mid-rise steel modular building systems (MBS) under near-field ground motions. Journal of Building Engineering, 67, 105916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Computers, & Inc., S. (2016). Structural and earthquake engineering software, PERFORM-3D nonlinear analysis and performance assessment for 3-D structures, Version 6.0. 0.

  • CSI, & Perform 3D. (2006)., Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures User Guide, Version 4, Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, CA, USA.

  • FEMA P356. (2000). Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

  • FEMA P695. (2009). Quantification of building seismic performance factors, Rep. FEMA P695. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

  • Heshmati, M., & Aghakouchak, A. A. (2019). Quantification of seismic performance factors of steel diagrid system. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 28(3).

  • Heshmati, M., & Jahangiri, V. (2021). Appropriate intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand estimation of steel diagrid systems. Engineering Structures 249.

  • Heshmati, M., Khatami, A., & Shakib, H. (2020). Seismic performance assessment of tubular diagrid structures with varying angles in tall steel buildings, Structures. Vol. 25.

  • Heshmati, M., Tameh, M., & Khatami, A. (2022). Seismic-resilient diagrid structures with hybrid buckling restrained braces, Structures. Vol. 39.

  • Khatami, A., Heshmati, M., & Aghakouchak, A. A. (2020). Collapse assessment and seismic performance factors in tall tube-in-tube diagrid buildings. Earthquakes and Structures, 19(3), 197–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., & Lee, Y. H. (2012). Seismic performance evaluation of diagrid system buildings, Struct. Design Tall Spec Build, 21(10), 736–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, C., et al. (2018). A review of the diagrid structural system for tall buildings. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 27(4), e1445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mele, E., et al. (2014). Diagrid structures for tall buildings: Case studies and design considerations. Struct Design Tall Spec Build, 23(2), 124–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohsenian, V., Padashpour, S., & Hajirasouliha, I. (2020a). Seismic reliability analysis and estimation of multilevel response modification factor for steel diagrid structural systems. Journal of Building Engineering, 29, 101168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohsenian, V. Filizadeh, R., Ozdemir, Z., Hajirasouliha, I. (2020b). Seismic performance evaluation of deficient steel moment-resisting frames retrofitted by vertical link elements. Structures. 26, 724–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.043

  • Moon, K. S., Connor, J. J., & Fernandez, J. E. (2007). Diagrid structural systems for tall buildings: Characteristics and methodology for preliminary design, Struct. Design Tall Spec Build, 16(2), 205–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moradi, M., & Abdolmohammadi, M. (2020). Seismic fragility evaluation of a diagrid structure based on energy method. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 174.

  • Zhang, Y. (2013). Seismic analysis of diagrid structural frames with shear-link fuse devices. Earthq Eng Eng Vib, 12(3), 463–472.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, R., Hu, S., Wang, W., (2023). Probabilistic residual displacement-based design for enhancing seismic resilience of BRBFs using self-centering braces. Journal of Engineering Structures, 295, 116808.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Farhad Hosseinlou Abbas Abdulkarim Dunin: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Mojtaba LabibzadehAbbas Rezaeian: Software, Data curation, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farhad Hosseinlou.

Ethics declarations

Declaration of competing interests.

The authors of this manuscript, whose names are mentioned right below, attest NO connections to or engagement with any entity or organization that has any kind of financial interest (e.g., membership, consulting fees, employment, stock/share ownership, honoraria, grants, speaking engagements, patents, paid expert testimonies, etc.) or non-financial interest (e.g., knowledge or beliefs, affiliations, personal/professional relationships) in the topics or materials covered in it.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dunin, A.A., Hosseinlou, F., Labibzadeh, M. et al. A new approach to retrofit the diagrid structures using an improved outrigger-braced system. Asian J Civ Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-024-01056-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-024-01056-2

Keywords

Navigation